Prince Dmitry Shemyaka: biography. Kāinga me te ke Politika Dmitriya Shemyaki

I roto i te aamu Russian, tenei uri o te Moscow ariki rahi i te ingoa o te tangata o te pūngao apo: ko ia he cynic e kore e mutu i tetahi mea i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga. Ko wai te mea ia? Mokopuna o Dmitry Donskoy - Prince Dmitry Shemyaka. Kei te mahara ia e kore mahinga o ringa, me ngā take angitu i roto i te whakahaere o te kawanatanga motuhake, me i arahina te whawhai mutunga mo te torona. hiahia Dmitry Shemyaka ki te tohutohu i te kāwanatanga Russian katoa, nui atu i ona wahi takitahi. I roto i tenei take, kia rite ki fakamamafa'i kua i roto i te pāpāho, i whakamahia e ia ki te tango i te torona, e kore i tino picky te rangatira. takoto te lēsoni i roto i te meka ia e whakahaere tonu ki te whakatutuki i tona whāinga, me te riro i te upoko o te rangatiratanga Moscow. Pehea, Na, i taea e Dmitri Shemyaka tango te torona i roto i te pane a Russian? Whakaaroa tenei pātai i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Facts i te haurongo

Dmitry Shemyaka (tau o te ora: 1420-1453) ko te tama a te Prince Grand o Moscow Yuri Dmitrievich.

Kua i te kuao tau, a Prince te whakaaro ki te hoatu i runga i te "pōtae Monomakh", ahakoa te meka e ko tona papa i roto i te hauora pai. Young Dmitriy Yurevich Shemyaka, e kei te haurongo poto o tata tetahi pukapuka matua i runga i te hītori, ka anga ki te whai wāhi i roto i pakanga dynastic ki Basil II (Dark), me te tautoko o tona tuakana Vasiliya Kosogo. Kua whakaratohia e te rangatira taitama tautoko tonu ki tona papa Yuriyu Dmitrievichu, ina tae mai te reira ki kerēme ki te torona. Me kï reira e te pakanga mo te tika ki te whakahaere i te āhua i waenganui i nga contenders runga ake i 'pakeke': nohoia e ratou i te torona tētahi.

mate o tona papa

A, no te mate te Grand Prince Yuri Dmitrievich (tupu te reira i roto i 1434), noho i runga i te torona e tana tama matamua - Vasily Diagon. ka mau Dmitry Shemyaka tenei rongo ki te raruraru tūmatanui; kihai i makona ia ki tenei ahua o take. Fakataha ki tona teina Dmitry Krasnov te āwhina ratou nekenekehia Basil II me tona teina tuakana ki te tango i te torona. I roto i te mauruuru no tenei mahi Dmitry Shemyaka (kingitanga: rangatiratanga o Galich - (1433-1450), te rangatiratanga, o Uglich - (1441-1447), Moscow - (1445-1447) e tango te kainga ka e ia te rangatira o Uglich me Rzhev ..

Iwi mō te mana

Heoi, etahi wa tahuri Shemyaka ki te rangatira hao i muri: whakatau ia ki te uru atu te whawhai mo te torona, e kohikohi ana a tawhio noa ia he pato'iraa maha o nga boyars.

Heoi, ki te ite ratou moe, ki te i te kore angitu ia, a ka ka takoha ia ki te haere mai ki ngā i tetahi wa ki a Vasily II. Na ano, mo hītori maha, ko reira he ohorere oti ko te meka e Dmitry Shemyaka etahi wa ko te rangatira o Moscow. Tenei te pehea tupu te reira.

I te 1445 i whakaaturia me he faitau ki te Golden Horde, i takahi i nga rohe o Russia hoia. I muri ngaro te pakanga o Suzdal, i horo Basil II me, i raro i nga ture o te monoraa, tona mono, ahakoa poto, ka Dmitry, no te mea ko ia te matamua o nga uri o Ivan Kalita.

rere i te whenua

Rauemi tohu e ko te Duke Grand o Uglich, Galich ko Moscow kaiwhakahaere "kuare". Dmitry Shemyaka, ngā kaupapa here ke, me te kāinga o te i ko anake ki te whakarite kia whakakaha ratou ake tūranga o te mana kihai i arahi tukua ki a ia te āhua ki te pai, me te te pai.

Mai i ana whakatau kitea-poto ētahi wā i tukua akomanga katoa: rangatira, kaihokohoko, whawhai rangatira. Nui ake te riri i roto i te iwi i huaina nga marae pera-ka karanga Shemyaka. ko Prince whakahihi rawa ware me te whakapehapeha tangata, kia rerenga i whanau tika i hanga e ia, i iti rawa i roto i noa ki te whakawa.

Mō arbitrariness, i mahi i te reira māngai o Themis, te tatararaa a i roto i te Sapphire "Te Tale o Shemyakinsky marae." Ko reira i roto i tenei wā, e kore tupu rite ari pērā i utu, pahua, te tūkino o ratou mana i te kaiwhakawa. Waiho nga tikanga o nga tikanga tahito, maha whakaritea whakawa ki tikanga noa. whakapono faihisitōlia Karamzin te mokopuna āhuatanga kaiwero Dmitry Donskoy.

hanga taua arbitrariness nga hiahiatanga katoa mo te whakapaipai i reira ko tetahi matamua nui o te iwi. tupu te maha o te kaupapa here Dmitry Yuryevich wenewene i ra ki ra.

te whakatau hoki i te kaupapa here ke o Russia i roto i te kingitanga o Shemyaka nga whakaritenga o te wā. Great Prince o Uglich, Galich ko Moscow ki te hopu i te torona, kihai i utu i te utu mo te whakaraua Basil II, a ki te mau i runga i ki te mana, ua tamata ia ki te pai te Khan o te Golden Horde. haina hoki e ia te tautoko o tona teina ia Grand Duke o Lithuania Svidrigailov Olgerdovich, te tau'a ore i te ngākau nuitanga tōrangapū o te Novgorod Republic.

tonu topatahi

Etahi wa i muri mai, te whakahaere Basil II ki te wahi i atea ai i Tatar whakarau mā te aufauraa i te utu nui. Ako o tenei, e kore Shemyaka Dmitriy Yurevich haere ki te tango i ngā tūranga, me te hohoro ki te aukati ara o te hoariri i roto i te "kohatu ma". Fehangahangai ki Basil i Trinity Tapu Monastery, te Prince nui o Uglich, Galich ko Moscow tangohia ia o te kaha ki te kite me te peia ki Uglich.

Otiia hohoro wewete Shemyaka tona whanaunga, a hoatu ana ki a ia kainga o Vologda. I roto i tenei pa timata tae kaitautoko me kau muimui o Basil II, nei i muri i te ia kua kohia ope nui, me te haere i runga i te whakapaipai ki te riro ia ia te torona. Na manuïa ia. hoatu Dmitry Yu ki te Duke Grand o Uglich me Rzhev Bezhetskaya pāriha. I tua atu, taumautia ia ki hoki mai i te moni i te takotoranga kāwanatanga, me te kore e takoto take ki te torona. Heoi, toutou whawhati e ia mau fafauraa i roto i te heke mai.

ngaro Tron

Mai 1447 e Shemyaka Dmitriy Yurevich mana o te whenua Novgorod Suzdal-Nizhny, a i roto i te wā i 1451 ki te 1453 tau i kingi ai i roto i te Novgorod Republic. Otiia i konei mutu ia poto. timata ano ia ki te faaamu mahere hao ki te whakawhānui i te rohe o tona kingitanga. haere Dmitry Yu me tona ope ki raro te Dvina, a ka mau a Ustyug kahore nui resistance. Heoi, kihai i nga tangata katoa o tenei pa oaoa te Duke Grand, i mohio tonu pai e mate tona mana i roto i te mana o nga ra. Shemyaka engari tonu hiahia ki te whakahaere i te iwi, ara i roto i te kawanatanga kotahi, kia kurua ngatata iho i runga i ustyuzhanami e whakakitea aroaro ki a ia.

Na tono ki a ia e ia i te mehua tino nui o te whakaweti: etahi i whakamatea, ka hoatu ki runga ki te kaki o te kohatu, a maka ana e ia ki roto ki te awa. kihai i nga kāinga e hiahia ana e i runga i to ratou whenua e mahi ratou taua arbitrariness, a ui i te tauturu i te vymechey me vychegzhan rite te rohe i roto i i noho ratou, administratively no Ustyug. Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari Dmitry Yuryevich te mutunga taea riro te pa Russian tawhito. I muri i tenei wikitoria, ka whakahau ia vyatchan pahua te pāriha rahi, kei roto i te rohe Vychegda-Vym whenua.

anathematization

Te haurangi me pāhuatia e i tupu i te wō o te Prince nui o Uglich, Galich ko Moscow, kihai i taea e whakakorikoria te orometua. E ai ki etahi puna, i te 1450, i tu'usi Prince Dmitry Shemyaka, "pōkairua kanga," i tuhituhia i roto i te haamauraa. I hainatia tenei tuhinga e Pihopa Pitirim Permian. Heoi, mohoa noa nei, kei te tautohetohe tumu kōrero e pā ana ki ranei i tino mokopuna Dmitry Donskoy Anatema, mai te puna i roto i tenei mea e fepakipaki. I roto i ngā, i roto i tona reta ki te Archbishop Efrim tuhituhi Metropolitan Hona e te rangatira "i rapae ia."

Aha Shemyaka?

Na, puta ngā matou i roto i pehea ka tae ki te mana, Dmitry Shemyaka. He aha i piri te moniker taua ki te Duke Grand o Uglich, Galich ko Moscow? Ko kahore iti ngā ki te kaipānui tenei pātai.

I tenei pūkete, i reira e rave rahi putanga. Ko tētahi o ratou hāngai te i runga i te meka e te kupu "Shemyaka" rite ki te Tatar-Mongol "Chimek", e te tikanga kākahu whakapaipai ranei. e ai ta tetahi atu tikanga o te kupu e "Shemyaka" - he whakarāpopototanga mō "Sheemyaki" (i huaina te tetahi e whai mana nui). Ko te mokopuna o Dmitry "rongonui" Don tika ki te tahi atu mau huru maitatai: te tohunga, nanakia, tinihanga me te aroha o te mana. Hoki te whakaaro ki o ratou ake ngākau nuitanga i te katoa i rite Dmitry Shemyaka. Ko te ingoa riro ia i roto i te iwi, i horapa i te whenua te wahi i rangatira Galician mana nui. Ko reira taea e timata te rangatira Aleksandr Andreevich Shahovsky mau i te reira i muri i hunaonga ki a Shemyaka. Rauemi tohu e i roto i 1538 noho ia Ivan Shemyaka nama-Saburov, rakau whānau timata i Kostroma nei pakiaka. I roto i te 1562, faahiti i te reira Shemyaka Istomin-Ogorelkove: ona matua i Vologda. I roto i te 1550 mahi ia i roto i Russia Vasily Shemyaka, i i ona ake mahi tote. I roto i te rau tau XVI, kia rite ki puna i roto i te rohe o te Novgorod Republic he hoki te kāinga ki te iwi ki te ingoa Shemyaka.

Wife me ngā tamariki

Ka moe a Prince nui o Uglich, Galich ko Moscow Sophia Dmitrievna, nei ko te tamahine a Prince Dmitry Vasilyevich Zaozersky. Dmitry Shemyaka i roto i-ture ko te uri o St. Prince Fedor Black. tuhinga Historical tohu e puritia te mokopuna Dmitriya Donskogo marena ki Sofey Dmitrievnoy kore mua atu i te 1436. I roto i te faaipoiporaa, i ratou he tama, Ivan Dmitrievich. ¶ Na i roto i Uglich kahore mua atu i te 1437. 12 nga tau i muri mai i ora ai te uri ki tona whaea i roto i St. George Monastery.

Hoki i hoatu e Sophia D. whanau ki te tamahine Maria. I muri mai, ka moea e ia Alexander, a noho Czartoryski i Velikiy Novgorod. ka haere mai tona mate rite te ohorere: i tanumia ia i roto i te hotoke 1456 i roto i te St. George Monastery.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

E kore kua te wāhanga whakamutunga o te ora wā mokopuna Dmitry Donskoy i ako ata, rite tuhinga hītori kore e roto i ngā mōhiohio ngaio e pā ana ki tenei. kihai i ana mahere hao faataahia ki kia mohio ki te whānuitanga nui: ki te noho i runga i te torona, e kore i taea e ia i roto i Moscow, ka ngana ki te riro kawana o te rangatiratanga, kaha, me te motuhake nei whakapaipai kia Ustyug, i taka ano hoki. Great Prince o Uglich, Galich ko Moscow ko te tino wehi o te utu mo ratou mahi i runga i te wahi o Basil II, i roto i te whakama i nga tauhou me Novgorod Dmitry Yuryevich. No te tahi mau wa, "tahuri te mata matapo" ratou ki te maha pāhuatia mokopuna Dmitry Donskoy, e kore hiahia ki te tiki wāhi i roto i te riri i waenganui i Moscow me Ustyug. e kore taua Shemyaka mutu ahau whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te riro kotahi ano te rangatira anake o Russia, engari he kua ngenge o te iwi pakanga kaiakiri me te totohe: hiahia katoa te rongo, me te ata. Metropolitan Hona i roto i te reta ki Pihopa Euphemia, kua toutou i ui ki whakarerea Dmitry Yuryevich nganatanga katoa ki te toe te torona i roto i ona ringa kotahi, a mo te houhia katoa ki Basil II. Ko, kāore, i te hua pai i ia: Shemyaka i kore e hiahia ana ki te hanga i tetahi ātetenga. Otiia hohoro i te whiua ia mo ratou hara.

mate

Ko te rongo i mate ia mokopuna Dmitry Donskoy "haere mai" i te whakapaipai o te Novgorod Republic i roto i te "kohatu ma" i roto i te raumati o 1453. I roto i nga meatanga i tuhituhia e mea te papa'i parau rongo ko Basil, i nga kaiamo i te īngoa o "raruraru." Taa'eraa Ko te meka e muri i tenei i hakeaki'i ia ki te kalake. Hoki te tahi mau take mate Dmitry Shemyaka? He maha o te tuhinga whakaatu e i kawa te Duke Grand. He aha mohiotia te e pā ana ki tenei meka? Rauemi mea e te potion paitini i te whakapaipai i kawea mai, rite mea ratou, "kaitiaki Basil II" - karaka Stepan pāhau. Ko ia he tangata tupato, ka rite tika tona misioni. Ētahi puna mea e te ahipare paihana tukua Boyar Ivan Kotov, etahi: Boretsky tavana. Next i mea purepure kaitao Dmitry, nei i whakawhitia te wai whakamate. noho te reira i te take mo te iti: ki te tapaea Shemyaka potion, i meatia. rēhitatia Pischevar tona ariki heihei. patua ma rua ra o Grand Duke "hvoroba", i muri i nei ia mate hopea. He ako o te toenga Dmitriya Shemyaki haapapu e mate o paihana.

whakaatu i tetahi wahi o hītori e te mate o tona mokopuna Dmitry Donskoy - ko te mahi o nga boyars Novgorod, e i roto i taua i utu katoa hiahia ki te noho i to ratou pakanga ki a Basil II tenei. Hoki te hanahana Novgorod Grand Prince o Uglich, Galich ko Moscow, i timata ki te ngaro te mana me te tūranga o te kaha, hohoro ka kino.

Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari te mate ohorere o tona mokopuna Dmitry Donskoy whakaara ake maha pātai i roto i te hapori. Ko te meka i kawa ia i roto i tenei ara hunga wehi, meinga te ngangau. Rangatira o te usurper Dmitry Shemyaka tahuri tata tonu ki te kaiwhakaatu, i patua te hoariri i roto i te whawhai i hao.

I muri mai, ki te whanowhanoā tūmatanui o te tutu kino ki te Duke Grand ka tuhituhi tona whanaunga tawhiti - Andrey Mihaylovich Kurbsky.