Whakarōpū o production, me te kohi ururua. Whakarōpū o ururua piha mōrearea

he ngaro whakarōpū General o te kohi ururua me te production. Na reira, mo te haratau, maha whakamahi i te mau parau tumu o te wehenga taua.

Ko te mau parau tumu o te wehenga koraha ki momo

Ko te kupu, ko te hanganga o nga parau tumu aroaro e te huānga e whai ake nei:

• hanganga o te pūtake (tohu peka);
• te āhua o te whakawhāititanga;
• i runga i te huringa production;
• nga tohutohu o te whakamahi.

Kia noho tatou i runga i ia o ratou.

E ai ki ngä rängai rerekē

Ko tino parare tenei whakarōpū o ururua i roto i te mahi. I hanga te reira i te parau tumu rängai. Nui whakarōpū hea o ngā hua ururua, i roto i nei ko: ururua kore-ferrous ranei ferrous konganuku, waro, matū me ahumahi rakau tukatuka.

State o whakahiato

whakarōpū ururua taua taea atu ïa ki te tautuhi ratou rite te wai, mārō haurehu waihā ranei. He nui tenei wehewehenga, ka kōwhiri i te hangarau rokiroki, te tukatuka atu whakangaromanga ranei.

Ko te kupu, me te penapena te ururua haurehu waihā i roto i tāke motuhake, wai - hiri ipu, a mārō - i roto i ipu i te pae landfills ranei.

Hei whakatau ki te whakamahi ratou hangarau tukatuka akomanga whakarōpū o ururua, ngā te tohu o te combustibility me explosiveness. kia kore tatou e wareware e pā ana ki to ratou tāoke.

E ai ki nga huringa production

I te tahi taime te whakarōpū o ahumahi ururua, whakaritea nei i runga i te pūtake rängai. Tenei e āhei ki a ratou te whakamahine i te taahiraa tukanga whakaputa i te hua mo te rapunga o ngā mahi i roto i te tukanga o e ai kia hanga e i roto i tetahi byproducts.

He tauira ko te ahumahi matū, i roto i nei kia hanga e nga toenga rōrahi kahore e i ngā mo te tukanga whakaputa (i roto i Māturu whakatikatikaina ranei) i roto i te kōtuitui o ngā matū waro.

Ko te whakarōpū i runga o te ururua i roto i ngā akomanga e arotahi ana ki te whakaaro o ratou whakamahi rite te rauemi raw tuarua. Na reira, whakaata tenei te ana'iraa matua ine, a ka anake - kounga.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū o te ururua

He nui i roto i te aro mātai o ratou pānga i runga i te taiao whakarōpū koraha āhuatanga physicochemical. Tenei, o te akoranga, pā ana ki ngā wāhanga mōrearea, me te paitini.

whakawhanakehia Health Organization World te whakarōpū o ururua piha mōrearea, tangohia e te UN i te puka o ngā hōtaka tiaki i te taiao. Kei roto te reira i te rārangi o ngā wāhanga mōrearea, me te paitini, e kua tukua i roto i te tukanga whakaputa. Ko te taua rārangi ngā te matū e whai ake nei: te ateneke, pharmaceuticals, ngā pūhui organohalogen me, o te akoranga, mēkuri.

Ka rite ki te tohu o te tāoke o matū tangohia te whakarea horopeta whakamate te whakamahi i nei hawhe te kararehe whakamātautau atu putanga whakamate.

Waste mōrearea kōmaka

hāngai whakarōpū ururua mōrearea kei i runga i te kukū o ngā matū paitini i roto i roto i a ratou. tangohia ano ki pūkete me te pānga synergistic o te maha wāhanga.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, whenua Pākehā, e hāngai ana ururua piha whakarōpū mōrearea kei runga i to ratou mahi taiao. Ko te kupu, ko te tia tenei huarahi, no te mea raruraru te tukanga ko to ratou aro mātai rite rauemi raw mō te whakamahi atu i roto i te rängai ahumahi.

Whakamahi o ururua rite rauemi mata mo te hanga o

Ko tētahi o nga whāinga matua o tetahi mahi arumoni me te ahumahi - whakatutuki penapena o te pūngao, me ngā rauemi mata. Na reira, i roto i te āhuatanga ōhanga o nāianei he tütakitanga o ngā ngākau nuitanga o kiritaki pea me ngä, e whai whakaurunga production hou me hangarau ki te whakamahi i ururua rite te rauemi raw.

Rerekē rauemi raw, ururua taea kore te mua hāngai-te mara ngā o te whakamahi. Ko te kupu, whakamahia te ururua ano kei roto i ngā mara ahumahi. Na reira, hoki te whakarōpū whaitake rite ki tenei āhuatanga he mea tika ki te mohio etahi o ratou āhuatanga motuhake. Ko te kupu, e taea te whakarōpū ururua katoa ki ngā rōpū matua e toru:

1. Whai āhuatanga kino pērā i te kore o te homogeneity o te hanganga me te viivii ore. Ko te take mō tenei - taumata rerekē o te kākahu me te roimata, pollution, āhuatanga huarere. Ahakoa te meka e enei āhuatanga e o te natura stochastic, me to ratou awhina he whakahōunga takoto hangarau ururua me te kounga o te hua i roto i te tirohanga o te raruraru ohaoha, me te taiao matatini.
2. Terenga ururua totoka hāngai whakarōpū i runga i te taea o te whakamahi rite te rauemi raw tuarua. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, homai te huinga o ngā āhuatanga e taea ana te ruri, ka whakaurua ki roto ki ngā me paerewa hangarau e he kawenga mō te aronga ikeiketanga o te hangarua.
3. Mai te rauemi raw tuatahi e whangai ana ki te tahuri i roto i te tukanga whakaputa rite ururuatia, me te mate ino ranei o te tahi mau huru maitatai kiritaki riro me ngā āhuatanga whakahoutia kihai i e āhuatanga mō te orotahi te tīmatanga.

Na reira, kia hāngai te whakaahuatanga o te ururua i runga i te whakamāramatanga mō ia momo takitahi o ngā āhuatanga ki te ana te ruri me te ahunga o tona whakamahinga whai hua.

ngā ururua whakarōpū

I runga anō i te wehenga o ngā matū e kua tukua i roto i te tukanga ahumahi, e taea te whakarōpū ratou ki e rua ngā rōpū matua:

• āhuatanga e te hunga nui mo te rauemi, he whakahauanga ratou inenga ka whakatau huarahi tuku iho o te whakamahi;
• riro hou āhuatanga, he tika i roto i te whakatau i te huarahi hou, me te auaha ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hangarua ratou inenga.

whakamana faaotiraa o ngā āhuatanga o te rōpū tuatahi e mahi i te tuhinga pūtaiao e hāngai ana, me te tuhinga paerewa hangarau.

Hoki ururua ki te tukanga āhuatanga riro hou e hiahiatia ana e rua ngā tikanga ine mō te ratou āhuatanga, me te tāutu i ētahi atu āhuatanga e tika ana.

Whakarōpū o ururua

Hoki ururua whare kia kōmakatia ai rite ere mo te atu tūemi whakamahi whare, kai me te taonga e kua ngaro ratou āhuatanga kiritaki. Ano hoki, kei roto i tēnei kāwai ururua totoka terenga, whakaritea whakarōpū e te huānga e whai ake nei: te paopao ki me te ururua whare.

Ko te hanganga o tenei momo o te ururua ka whakawhirinaki i runga i taua take: te taumata o te whanaketanga o te rohe me te whenua, te taumata ahurea o te taupori, me ona tikanga, wa o te tau me ētahi atu Mō te tuatoru o te MSW katoa - rauemi pikau, te nui o nei Kei te piki haere tonu.

hāngai Whakarōpū i runga i ururua hanganga multicomponent me heterogeneity, kiato iti me te tapepe (te kaha ki te pirau). Ka rite ki e whakaaetia puna otaota whare noho, me te hokohoko, hākinakina, me ētahi atu pakihi me ngā rōpū.

Ko te hanganga o taua ururua ngā te momo e whai ake nei o ratou:

• Pepa (pepa);
• rauemi mōmona;
• ururua kai;
• konganuku me kirihou;
• hiako, me te rapa;
• karaehe, papanga, me te rakau.

Heoi he whakarōpūtanga ururua te whakatakiruatanga o.

Tikanga o te ururua

I roto i te paru kia-ka karanga taea te tautuhi i te momo matua o reira e hiahia ana koe ki te hangarua.

1. taputapu-whare. He tika tōna whakamahi mō pakihi katoa e kore e te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whai raruraru ki te mana ture. Hei kawe i tenei tukanga i runga i to ratou ake hiahia ki te whai i te take tika, whakapumautia e te tuhinga e hāngai ana. I roto i te ngaro o taua whakamanatanga i roto i te hinonga pakihi kia whai raruraru. Na reira, ko te kōwhiringa pai - ki te tahuri ki te kamupene, whai wāhi nei i roto i te tukurua ngaio o te ururua.
2. Kirihou, pahuka i, pepa, me ētahi atu I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te rauemi o nei te tarapēke. Ko te tukatuka o enei ururua kau kuru ratou, a ka anake kua hanga e ki pire me te whakamahia rite te rauemi raw tuarua.
3. rama antibody. He ātaahua nui mo te tukatuka ratou, mai i te kōwae hiko, te turanga, me te umanga - he rauemi raw tino. Mai i te wheako e mohio tatou e kore e taea e tenei maka paru no te mea noa o te meka e kei reira mēkuri. Heoi, ka whakawhitia ki te tukunga o maha kamupene-pūtukatuka rapu tenei kaiwhakarato rauemi raw tukua takitahi, me tenei utu atu.
4. Pūhiko. I teie mahana, ka anga reira ki puta ngā o fariiraa o tenei momo o te ururua. Na reira, kia whakanohoia te aronga kāwanatanga matua ki te whakatairanga, pānuitanga me te ti'ai te o mahara i roto i te taupori. Tenei hua, me te rama kōrekoreko, he mōrearea hoki te taiao hoki. Kotahi pūhiko paru i ahei e pā ana ki 20 sq. mita o te whenua a tawhio noa, me te wa o tona roha - he rau hauwhā. Me hoki e maharatia taua mea e roto te reira he konganuku kino pērā i te konuoi, cadmium me te mata.

puehu kino i roto i te rongoa

hāngai Whakarōpū o ururua i roto i te rongoā i runga i te tohungatanga o ngā pūtahi e hāngai ana. Ko tenei tapo'io te nuinga whakamahia me whāriki, kiko tangata, pharmaceuticals ranei toto.

Kua ngā otaota katoa i te pūtahi hauora aro ngā, mai taea tū reira he riri pümanawa ki te taiao.

Kua wehea ururua katoa i ngā wāhi hauora, i runga i te taumata o mōrearea toxicological, tahumaero me te radiological rānei ki rima akomanga o te ati.

Hei tauira, te piha haapiiraa A whakarato ururua kore-mōrearea e Kei roto mea, e kore mua i roto i te whakapā atu ki te fluids o tūroro me tūroro hopuhopu tinana. I roto i tenei piha ngā te ururua kore-paitini.

Class B ngā ururua hopuhopu. Tenei kia pā ai rauemi me ngā taputapu e kua poke ki secretions o tūroro. ngā ano he matū pararopi i muri i ngā mahi.

Hazard Class B - ururua rawa mōrearea, e ngā ururua i Microlaboratory, me te rauemi e kua i roto i te whakapā ki te tūroro ki mōrearea mate communicable.

Class D - amo, rite i roto i tona hanganga ki te ahumahi. Ēnei ngā matū, tsiostatiki, me te taputapu me te taputapu, e ngā mēkuri.

Hazard Class D - ururua iraruke, e ngā whakaurunga paru hauora kei roto wae iraruke.

Komititanga ake, ka taea e tatou te mea ki te māia e taea te tukunga tika o nga mea katoa, kia he taurangi o whakapūmautanga, me he pera nui i roto i to tatou ao hou uaua tenei.