APG: hanganga. hau Natural ka whai pānga

Oil me te hau - nga rauemi raw tino nui i roto i te ao. He wahi motuhake i roto i te hinu, me te hau ahumahi noho a hau e hāngai ana. e kore te mua tenei rauemi whakamahia. Ko tenei te huru ki tenei tino rauemi taiao kua puta ke.

He aha te mea he hau e pā ana

Tenei hau pūwaro tukua e te i te puna o te hinu awa me roto i tona wehenga. Ko reira he ranunga o vaporized waiwaro me te pūwaro-kore wāhanga o te take mai tūturu.

Ko tōna rahinga i roto i te hinu kia rerekē i tetahi ki te maha mano mita pūtoru i roto i te ton kotahi.

Na roto i te whiwhi pau whakaaro hau e pā ana te he byproduct o te hanga hinu. No reira te ingoa. ngaro Nā ki te kore o te hanganga e tika ana mō te kohikohi hau, transportation, me te tukatuka o te nui o tenei rauemi māori te. Hoki tenei take, te nuinga o te hau e pā ana muranga noa.

hanganga hau

tito hau e pā ana te o te te mewaro me te taimaha waiwaro - .. te ewaro, pūwaro, pōwaro, etc. te hanganga hau i roto i te rerekē oilfields kia rerekē paku. I roto i te tahi mau rohe i roto i te hau e pā ana kia roto wae waiwaro-kore - hauota, whanariki, hāora.

Haere i te hau e tahoro ana i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o Faarii hinu, āhuatanga iti hau pūwaro taimaha. Ētahi atu "taimaha" i runga i te hanganga o te hau, ko roto i te hinu iho. Na reira, i roto i nga wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga o ngā āpure hinu, rite ki te tikanga, hua he rota o te hau e pā ana te ki te ihirangi tiketike o te mewaro. I roto i te mahi o putunga, e āta heke enei whika, a ka hanga wāhanga taimaha ake i te wahi nui o te hau.

hau hinu Natural me whai pānga: he aha te mea te rerekētanga

Kei hau e pā ana whakaritea ki taiao iti mewaro, engari he nui o ona homologues, tae atu pēwaro me hexane. Ko tētahi atu rerekētanga nui - te huinga o nga wae hanganga i roto i ngā mara i roto i i hua te hau e pā ana te. ara kia APG hanganga rerekē mō te wā rerekē o te parae taua. No te whakarite, he huinga ine o te wāhanga o te hau māori he tonu tonu. Na reira, e taea te whakamahi APG mō ngā take rerekē, ka whakamahia te kapuni te anake hei pūngao rauemi raw.

whiwhi APG

whiwhi hau e pā ana e wehe i te hinu. Hoki tenei whakaaro, taki multistage ki te pēhanga rerekē. Ko te kupu, i roto i te wā wehenga tuatahi pressurized te i 16 ki te 30 pae. I ngā wāhanga muri katoa o te pēhanga e āta iti. I roto i te tawhā taahiraa whakamutunga heke te ki 1.5-4 pae production. Temperature me te pēhanga e whakaritea e te hangarau APG wehenga.

tonoa Kei te tika te hau e hua i roto i te wā tuatahi ki te whakato tukatuka hau. whakatika fifi rahi, no te whakamahi i hau ki te pēhanga o raro 5 pae. I mua tenei wa katoa tahuna APG i pāhūhū, engari tata ke te kaupapa here mō te hau whakamahi. Kua timata te kāwanatanga ki te whakawhanake i manawarū ki te whakaiti i te parahanga o te taiao. Ko te kupu, i te āhua taumata tohu APG ngingiha i tāuta i te reira i roto i 2009 tau, e kore e nui 5% o te katoa e pā ana hau.

Taupānga o APG i te ahumahi

I mua, APG me kore e whakamahia tonu i muri i te pae tahuna. Na pūtaiao te wehe i te uara o tenei rauemi māori, me te titiro hoki huarahi ki te whakamahi i te reira tōtika.

hau e pā ana nei hanganga ko te ranunga o te pōwaro, pūwaro me waiwaro taimaha, ko te rauemi raw tino mō te pūngao, me te ahumahi matū. APG he uara calorific. Ko te kupu, i roto i ngingiha tuku reira i 9 ki te 15 mano kcal / mita pūtoru. I roto i tona ahua taketake kore te whakamahia. Kia tino ki te hiahia horoi.

I roto i te ahumahi matū i roto i roto i te hau e pā ana o te mewaro me te ewaro e hanga o kirihou me te rapa. Taimaha wāhanga pūwaro whakamahia rite rauemi raw mo te hanga o te wahie tāpiri wāwaro tiketike, waiwaro kakara , me te hau hinu liquefied.

I roto i Russia, neke atu i te 80% o te hau e pā ana hua kiia hoki e rima o Oil me Gas JSC "NK Rosneft 'Oao" Gazprom Neft ", JSC" Lukoil Oil Company ", OJSC" TNK-BP Holding ", JSC" Surgutneftegaz ". E ai ki te raraunga e pā ana, te whenua tau hua neke atu i te 50 piriona mita pūtoru o hau e pā, o nei hangarua 26% te, Kei te whakamahia 47% mō ngā take ahumahi, ka muranga te toe 27% te.

He āhuatanga e kore te mahi e tonu te whakamahi-utu whai hua o te hau hinu e pā ana. maha, tei te whakamahi o tenei rauemi i runga i te rahi mara. Ko te kupu, te hau e hua i roto i mara iti, kia whakamahia ki te whakarato hiko ki kiritaki rohe. I putunga toharite atu ōhanga tango hau hinu liquefied i te tipu tukatuka hau, me te hoko i te reira ki te ahumahi matū. Ko te kōwhiringa pai hoki mara nui ko te hanga o te hiko i te mana nui ki te hoko i muri.

Tūkino i APG ngingiha

whakapokea Gas flaring te taiao. Huri noa i te pānga mura ngawha kinonga, e patu te whenua i roto i te pūtoro o 10-25 mita me te otaota i roto i te whānuitanga 50-150 mita. I roto i te tukanga ngingiha taka ki roto ki te huru o te hauota, me te waro hāoratahi, whanariki hāorarua, me waiwaro unburned. Kua tata Scientists e rite ki te hua o te flaring tuha āhua 0.5 miriona taranata ia tau o waro pango.

Ano, he tino kino ki te hauora o te tangata nga hua hau ngingiha. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i roto i te whakatere whakapai matua Russia rohe - Tyumen rohe - tahumaero mō te maha ngā momo o mate i runga i te toharite mō te whenua katoa. Tino maha mamae iwi i roto i te rohe i pathologies romahā. He he he maha tipu o te pukupuku, disorders o nga okana tikanga me te pūnaha io.

I tua atu, meinga hua ngingiha APG pathologies i faaite mai ratou anake i muri i te tahi mau wa. Ko ētahi o ēnei te whai ake:

• pākoko;
• materoto;
• mate tuku;
• wātea i te mate ngoikore;
• mate oncological.

hangarau whakamahi APG

Ko te raruraru matua o hangaruatanga hau ko te kukū tiketike o waiwaro taimaha. I roto i te hinu, me te hau o teie mahana ahumahi whakamahi rave rahi hangarau whai hua, e whakarato ha faingamālie ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hau i te tango o waiwaro taimaha:

1. wehenga Gas fractioning.
2. hangarau Adsorption.
3. wehenga iti-pāmahana.
4. hangarau membrane.

whakamahi o te Ara hau e pā ana

He maha ngā tikanga, engari, i roto i te mahi, e whakamahia ana he torutoru anake. Ko te taketake tikanga - whakaora APG i te wehenga ki ngā wāhanga. Tenei tukanga tukurua hua hau maroke, i tino ko te taua rite hau tūturu me wai hau tūturu (NGL). Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei ranunga rite he rauemi raw mō te petrochemistry.

Wehenga o te hau puta i te iti tautuhinga pāmahana absorption me te tōhau. I muri i te otinga o te hau maroke kawea e paipa, ka e tonoa ki NGL refineries hinu mo te tukatuka atu.

Ko te ara tuarua whai hua ki APG - tukanga pahikara. I tēnei tikanga tā injecting hau ki te awa ki mo te pēhanga hua. Tenei otinga taea ki te whakapiki ake i te rōrahi o te whakaora hinu i te hanganga.

I tua atu, kia whakamahia te hau e pā ana ki te whakaputa hiko. Tenei ka tukua nga kamupene hinu ki tino whakaora moni, rite whakakore i te hiahia ki te hoko hiko i te waho.