"B-52" - USA rererangi. History o hanga

"B-52" - rererangi, tukua Boeing he kautaha American i roto i te 50-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. I whakawhanakehia tuatahi reira mo te tuku o rua poma thermonuclear hea i roto i te Soviet Union. Ki tenei ra tonu te waka rererangi matua i roto i te täoro o roa-whānui rererangi o te Air Force o Amerika.

History o hanga

B-52 Stratofortress - brainchild hōia o tetahi o te nui rawa corporations rererangi ahumahi i roto i te ao - te American Boeing Company. Te reo Russian, tona ingoa tonu whakamaoritia ko rite "pa rangi". ka anga tōna whanaketanga i roto i te 1950, ka tīmata te kamupene ki te hamaniraa i te whakatupuranga tuarua o rererangi hōia, ara nga rererangi. tikanga te rererangi i ki te whakakapi rua tauira pakeke: B-36 me B-47. Ko te kaituhi o te tauira tuatahi, ko te kamupene Convair, te tuarua - Boeing.

Kua whakaritea e US mana ki te whakakapi i nga rererangi kōkeke, a kauwhautia te whakataetae i roto i te tari hoahoa ki te waihanga rererangi jet rautaki. kauwhautia te whakataetae i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, i te tau 1946. I roto i ka mau te whakataetae wahi e toru nga ngohi - ki te Douglas kua ko honoa. Me kï reira e ia e kore tetahi o nga kau taki hōia runga i whakapono i roto i te taea o te rererangi kōpana taimaha, pera noa ki te whānuitanga i roto i te taikaha o te 13 mano. Kiromita. Otiia, kua timata kaipūtaiao, kaihoahoa me kaipakihi ki te ngākau ki te turaki i enei mana'o hape. Ratou mahi i ki te waihanga e kore noa te rererangi me te pere rautaki, me te Arawaho.

Whiwhi ki te raruraru, i mohio katoa pehea ki te riro "B-52" (rererangi). Kia pehea te i tenei waitohu rererangi hou mo tona wa, he aha arahi nga kaitito i? kamupene Convair, tango rite te pūtake he kōkeke whakapono ki te whakatutuki whāinga mā te tāuta i te pūkaha jet me te parirau i roto i te puka o pere B-36,. Te kaiuru tuarua, Douglas, kua hangaia he motokā katoa hou, e āhuatanga i ki hei turboprops. faaoti Boeing ki te mahi ki a ratou ki te whakaturia rererangi reo B-47, me te whakapai ake i tona mahi ki te taumata rautaki.

Construction o te Kamupene Boeing

Ko te rōpū, i i mahi i roto i te whanaketanga o te kaupapa i raro i te taitara mahi "Tauira 464", ngā ono tohunga ārahi, i ngā i roto i te wahi ano o te mahi i runga i te B-47. timata te pēne rererangi hoahoa tuatahi "B-52". Rererangi, ko te āhuatanga o i nga nui ki runga ake i te hunga e i roto i manureva, i hanga e te kamupene mua, ka ui huarahi hou, me ngā rongoā. I roto i ngā, i reira mārama e te mileage rere e hiahiatia ana me ringa tūmanakohia taimaha o 4.5 taranata uta e te hua i roto i te tango-atu te taimaha o te mīhini ki runga ki te 150 toni. Ko rua te auau o te whakatupuranga rererangi o mua tenei. Ano, ko te tere, kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga hangarau, kia tae 960 km / h.

Hei whakaoti i te raruraru i roto i te whakamahi o te parahi turbojets J-57. Ko to ratou Rod 3.4 taranata. I whakaritea e te reira ki te whakatū i waru taua engines. Ngā i roto i te huinga e wha, i tāuta ratou i roto i nga parirau o te rererangi ki te awhina o nga pylons nui, puta ki te aroaro o nga parirau. I te wa ano hoki mōrahi pūmautanga ahopou o te takere rererangi e hangaia tiketike nui. Hoki wahie, kia kua i te rōrahi o e kua rawaka mō te rere fakavaha'akonitinēnití, nui haere wāhi i roto i te parirau ki te rohe o 371,6 tapawha. m.

homai US mana te kaporeihana whakawhanakehia "Boeing", "B-52". whakaaetia rererangi American i roto i 1947, ka riro te kamupene te raupapa kāwanatanga, haina i te kirimana mō te rua Momo.

whakamātautau

I rite i te mutunga o Whiringa-1951 te tauira tuatahi, i homai te hōia te ti'araa "XB-52",. Heoi, tae noa ki te mea rite mo te whakamātautau tuatahi i te mīhini, te whakahaere i te reira ki te kino ia. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te tūkino i te ingoa o te kamupene, kihai faaoti matou ki te karanga i te take pono mo te hoki o te rererangi ki te whakato. Test whakatārewatanga whakamārama te hiahia ki te tāuta taputapu atu. Ka rite ki te hua, te tika o te rere tuatahi i whakawhitia ki te mīhini tuarua, whakaritea e te hōia rite "YB-52". I oti te reira i roto i waenganui-Maehe 1952.

I roto i te waenganui-April, timata whakamātautau rere o "B-52". whakanoho iho te rererangi i ki te tahuhu pera-ka karanga momo pahikara, i te mea he hoahoa pai pākiki. Ko te tahuhu he he wha whata parahi (tāuta i roto i te hikinga motuhake rererangi takere mo ia o ratou) i rite rawa ki te mana waipēhi me Autobrake. I tua atu, nekehia nga kaihoahoa te ririki mīhini i runga i ngā āhuatanga huarere i roto i te manureva, me te taunga kia e te wira o te hoahoa tahuhu taea ki a koe whakaturia ratou i te koki ki te tuaka pokapū o te Airframe. Ko te kupu, he mea tuku mai ngā mōhiohio i runga i te tere hau me te ahunga, te kaiurungi te whakamahi i te tātai tepu kia tūnga wira kia taua i neke i te rererangi tītaha i roto i te rere o te Unuhia. Kei te kua ngā reira tenei āhuatanga hangarau te aro o te iwi whānui i roto i te pā o te mahi e rua nga tau i muri mai.

A ka mutu te whakamātautau te, mana riro te mīhini te ingoa "B-52 Stratofortress", oia hoi "pa rangi". Heoi, ko te wheako o kaiurungi whakamātautau anaanatae motuhake kihai i rerekē. tukua te rota o te he i roto i te rere te waka tauā wahie i roto i te kōwhao parirau - e turuturu tonu ratou. a Iskhitryatsya ki te mutu i te turuturu i roto i te rere.

meinga maha pātai te pūnaha ejection waka: haumaru ki te waiho i te waka rererangi i te catapult i taea anake i te tiketike o te toru rau mita. Kei te shooter i roto i te wahi muri o te wharepaku, ka i tāutatia elektropechka i tona fare. I roto i te rere o pere i reira tata taratahi i te waka, a puritia irirangi anake whakapā ki a ia. Fakatatau ki ai, ki te te kihai reira, i te tohunga e mohio he aha i haere i runga i ki te rererangi. Kia ko reira te take o te mahinga ki te "B-52". Rererangi i te rere i roto i te uira e ko i te awa rangi whakararo. Shooter, whakaaro e makaka te manureva, tuha, ko te kupu i takoha ki te maka atu i te pū mīhini. kitea tona kore o kaiurungi kua runga i te whenua.

whakarerekētanga rangatū

"B-52", Stratofortress rererangi, ka ake i runga i te ara nekeneke i roto i 1955. Tuatahi tukua he whakarerekētanga o te raupapa - "B-52A" - tomo ki te ope rangi rautaki i roto i te Pipiri. Waka rererangi whakamahia mō te whakangungu waka, a hoki peia te tamaa rererangi tukanga i roto i te rangi. I muri i te wā poto o te wā i mahue "B-52B". tukua Tapeke rima tekau rererangi o tenei whakarerekētanga. He tino rite mo misioni whawhai ki patu tikanga, me te karihi i runga i te poari mihini o tenei raupapa. Ki te mahi i tenei, ki Tarahihi me ratou te pūkaha ake matatau ki te aki o 4.62 ths. Taranata me kitenga, me te pūnaha whakatere. Hei whakaatu i te kaha o te B-52 (rererangi) haere i runga i kore-mutu i te rere ao, aru i te ara a tawhio noa koperea te whawhai karihi.

I tae te whakaaturanga e ono rererangi huaki, i tangohia e ki te rangi i te turanga rererangi hōia Castle (California) i roto i te haora o te ra Hanuere 16, 1957. I roto i te rere ki te roa tapeke o te 39.2 mano. Km i "B-52" rererangi ki te mamae tukanga tamaa (i roto i August), me wha nga wa. Heoi, e kore te whakahaere rererangi katoa ki te hanga i to ratou ara. I roto i haora, hanga he pere he taunga ohorere i roto i Ingarangi. ko rahunga pūkaha ohorere te take o te kore o te tahi atu manureva e ū tukinga i Labrador. Ko te toe toru cars muri u pahara rua ra i te airbase tata Los Angeles. tae ratou Nā ki te rangi kino i te ūnga te hawhe haora i muri.

Route, i ngā he rere ki runga ki Newfoundland, Morocco, Hauti Arapia, Ceylon, Malaysia (konei noho whāinga hōia tikanga), nga Philippines, Guam, me te turanga o Castle, ka mau 45 haora 19 meneti. ka mau te rere wahi i te teitei tāupe 10,7-15,2 mano. Mita i te tere o te 865 km / h. A, no te tata i nui haere te tere whawhai herenga ūnga ki te 965 km / h. Whakakī anō i te manureva i roto i te rere i runga i te Atlantic Ocean, te moana nui, Hauti Arapia me te Philippines. Hei whakarei te pānga o te tamaa ka mau wahi e rua ra me te po, me te i roto i tetahi rangi. I mua i te tīmata i te tukanga heke te teitei pere, ko te tere i roto i tenei take 400-480 km / h.

Ko reira utu te whakahua e te tuatahi te rere ao a tawhio noa i hanga e te rererangi "B-50" i roto i te tau 1949, a ka mau 94 haora.

I te toru o nga raupapa o manureva - "B-52C" - hoatu engines te pamu noa nui - 5.4 taranata. hua 35 anake waka i roto i 1956. Na roto i te whakakapi tīmata whāhauhau i runga i te paura i taka e rima nga wa ki te whakaiti i te wā o te tipu engines katoa - ki te hawhe ki te ono meneti. I tua atu, kua reira kua atu te taea o te whakamahi i patu. I te "B-52" (rererangi, pere) whakaturia missiles ipu hou, rautaki code-ingoa "Hound Dog" (Hound kuri). Haere hoki te whawhai whakaoho ki te whakaiti taea te whakamahi i te roa o kaiurungi runway hei whakatere turbojets missiles. Na ka refueled missiles i tāke i roto i te rere.

mate

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1960, kua timata ki te whakamahi i rererangi mo te whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana. "B-52" - rererangi pere sverhalny - hangaia ki te whakaora patu karihi i roto i tetahi wahi o te Soviet Union. timata matou i te rerenga reconnaissance petipeti tuatahi me te rohe kāwanatanga o te USSR. kia mohio ki te reira e te tukinga o te rererangi taua Kikī ki warheads karihi, i taea e ngāwari whakarite tetahi Hiroshima. Na, kua puta te āhuatanga ohorere "B-52" ki auautanga maere. Aituā e whai wāhi mai patu karihi ko te ingoa waehere "Pere Broken." Te nuinga o nga aituā puta ki enei rererangi i runga i te United States, me te whenua hoa rangi.

Na, i roto i te 1958 i reira ko tetahi aituā tuatahi i roto i te rohe o te State o Te Tai Tokerau Carolina, te wahi hape maka te pairati i te poma i runga i te tuanui o te whare. Ka rite ki te hua, i whara whatiwhatinga o ono iwi. I roto i 1961, kua tuturu iho i roto i te āhua taua te manureva iho, hinga te poma pupuhi. He tau i muri mai, i roto i te āhua taua hinga ia rererangi ki e rua ngā momo o "Hound Dog" missiles i Goldsboro.

puta te ati tuatahi i waho te Hononga o Amerika i roto i 1966, ka û he waka ruku tautiaki ki "KC-135" i roto i te rangi ki runga ki Spain. hinga tetahi tākirirangi ki te moana nui, ka hinga atu e toru i runga i te kainga o Palomares. huaketo Nā whakapohū pōreareatanga katoa pa i ki te konuwhiro. mana whakamutunga haapararehia puta te aituā i te rohe o Greenland i 1968, ka kihai i tae te waka rererangi mura te rererangi, ka tuki ki te raro o te kokoru. Ka rite ki te hua, ko te huaketo te rohe o ono kiromita tapawha.

whakarerekētanga Tata

Mai i 1956 ki te 1983, i hanga matou rima akatuke'anga. Series "B-52D" whakaputaina i roto i te nui o 101 rererangi. I roto i tenei raupapa, poroa matou takere me te pai ake te pūnaha kitenga. I roto i te whakahou i muri - E - tukua kotahi anake rau rererangi. I whai kaha te reira i parirau. I tua atu, kua tāuta taputapu e taea ai e koe rere i altitudes iti kaihoahoa. Kua atu engines wahie-pai tāuta i roto i te raupapa F, i ngā 89 rererangi. tahuri tetahi o ratou i ki te waiho i te whakarau fakamamahi. I roto i te 1961, i roto i te mahi i mahi herenga raupapa rererangi whakaeke toa "B-52F". Ko te paerata hape puhia he pere, a koperea iho he bomber. mate e toru i te mau melo waka katoa. I muri i tenei wāhanga, atu ka mau te rererangi ki taua mahi.

Ko te tokomaha rawa o te pere ka haere mai i roto i te raupapa i muri o "B-52". Rererangi whakarerekē G puta i roto i te nui o 193 nga wahi mo wha nga tau mai i 1958. I nui haere engine umeraa ki 6.34 taranata, atu te horo tāke rererangi wahie i honoa mai. Ko te raupapa whakamutunga - N - whakaputaina tae noa ki 1962, 102 anake puta mai i roto o te waka rererangi. uru kē motors te pamu 7.71 taranata. Kua nui haere wahie tōtika te tawhiti rere o 2.7 mano kiromita -. ki 16.7 mano kiromita .. whakaturia tenei rererangi he record ao mo te maha o ngā hāora rere i waho te tamaa :. hinga 20.17 mano kiromita i roto i 22 haora, me te 9 meneti. A i roto i te 2006, rere tenei pere whakarerekē whitu karaka i runga i te wahie waihanga.

Mai i 1965 ki te 1984 raupapa rererangi B / C / D / F "B-52" i mutu US Army. Ki te mutunga o te Cold War i hua i te tiango o te Soviet Union, i nekehia atu ratou i ohipa whawhai. Ko te kupu, e 1992 i mahue te ope 159 akatuke'anga pere G ko H. nga whakaritenga i roto i te mara o te ringa i Russia hua i roto i te katoa whakaiti o enei rererangi. I roto i te 2008, i tīmata hoki te toe mihini H-Series ki te whakaiti. I tenei wa i roto i te ope i 68 pere, e ka i roto i te taviniraa tae noa ki 2040. kia waiho te reira e ka waiho enei rererangi toa mo te roanga o te whakamahi. whai wāhi rererangi i roto i tata katoa US papatu hōia.

āhuatanga o

"B-52" - he bomber rautaki jet, rite rawa ki waru engines. whakamätauria e ia e ono ngā mema o te kaumoana. I roto i te āhuatanga taketake taea te huaina i te parirau e ko 56,39 mita, he takere - 49,05 mita Teitei - 12.4 mita. tango-atu taimaha ki 221,5 toni i tutuki ki te whakarerekētanga whakamutunga. Honoa ia pūkaha ko 7.71 taranata. He rite ki te 2.9 Whārangi tawhiti mararatanga o te rererangi. M. Ko te tere mōrahi e whakawhanake rererangi ko 1013 km / h. He he pūtoro o whawhai i roto i te 7730 kiromita.

I te poari eke te pere e ono-tupara 20-mm repo, kei nei i roto i te muri o te waka rererangi. "Ko te pa rangi" hangaia ki te aro kawenga o runga ki te 31.5 taranata o poma. I tua atu, rite rawa i te pere e ki te taputapu tino hou mo te whakahaere angitu o te pakanga hiko. I roto i ngā, eke te taputapu ki runga e apee haruru me te raweketia, papapa me te taputapu rore pōkākā.

I mua i tēnei tau, kua horahia e US rangatira mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā putanga hou "B-52". Rererangi, i i āhuatanga e te wāhi tautuhi pūnaha whiua e anake i runga i te anga kotaha waho, e rite rawa nei ki te pūnaha "atamai". I taea te kite i te pou e pā ana, e i teie nei kaha pū-arahina kia whakanohoia i roto i te kokoru poma. ka whakanui i tāutanga o te pūnaha hou te kaha o te rererangi i te iti rawa 50%. I tua atu, ka tango i te reira i te "atamai" poma i te whakatārewatanga waho, i te whakaiti i kohi wahie i te 15%, me te awhina ki te mau tonu i te munatanga o ngā pārongo e pā ana ki te hoariri, e ka patu rererangi.

He kirimana utu 24.6 miriona tāra, riro Boeing i te timatanga o whakamutunga tau. Kei te whakaritea te reira e ka kia hoatu te pūnaha hou ki mahi rite wawe rite 2016. Ano i roto i nga mahere o te hōia ki te urutau "B-52" i raro i te drones.

Aviation "papa ruau"

American "Bed me-52" - te bomber, nei i te ra tuatahi o te oraraa tonu i whakaritea ki te rererangi rautaki Soviet o te piha haapiiraa i taua o te Tu-95. Tohunga rererangi hōia, rererangi e rua Nō te "koroua o rererangi tawhiti." E hanga mihini e rua i roto i te Force Air i roto i whenua e rua mo neke atu i te 60 tau, pangia te ao hōu auau. tāwhai Russian huaina te hōia US ko, rite he reira banal, pea. Tohea e pā ana ki tona motokā he pai, a mo etahi tohu, tonu ki tenei ra. tohunga Military mōhio e kua rererangi e rua i te ara whanaketanga i te kuware ki te rererangi pere rautaki. He rite mihini me te maha o te tahi atu āhuatanga, hei tauira, e rua te awhe rere rawa tekau mano kiromita. Ano, tutuki rohe o te hoariri e mihini e rua i roto i tetahi puka, e kore noa i roto i te kaupapa rārangi tika. I te wa ano, whakawhanake tere nui te American "B-52". Rererangi whakaritea ki a Tu-95 whakatere ki tetahi mano. Km / h, te mōrahi tere "tinana" tae 850 km / h.

Heoi, i reira e he maha o ngā āhuatanga e te mea nui, pai atu i ona tāwhai tāwāhi motokā kāinga. Enei tawhā, i roto i ngā, pā ana Higher engines pai - i te iti rawa e rua. E ai ki ngā tohunga, ki te whānuitanga rere o 10-12 mano. Km o te US rererangi "B-52" Ahatia 160-170 taranata o rererangi wahie, ia ka tango i te rererangi Russian i te tawhiti taua 80 anake taranata.

tohunga kāinga i roto i te mau ohipa hōia me kōrero unflattering e pā ana ki te engines. E ai ki a ratou, te painga o te teka Tu-95 i roto i te meka e kua rite rawa katoa engines wha ki pokekore counter-tītaka. Ko te kupu, tona tika whakarato ratou kāinga kawe pere painga i runga i te "B-52". US rererangi rawa ki waru engines, engari kawea e ratou he rota o raruraru me te whai i te mahi, kaua ngoikore. E ai ki te tohunga, kitea e te mate o ngā waeine rangi hōia tāwāhi. Na, e matau ana tatou e i te 740 tukuna, ka tukua ki nga waka ope, whakahaere ratou ki te ngaro 120 rererangi. Ano, ko reira kua meinga hei bomber American "B-52" te mate o te maha poma thermonuclear, kahore e nei i kitea ki tenei ra. Ētahi tautohe e kua ngaro nga poma i roto i te rohe o Greenland me te rohe o Portugal.

Whaktauiratia o taputapu pere

Ko te ope patu o whenua katoa, a rawa nga mana nui pērā i Russia me te US, e ko te kaihanga nui o patu, whai wāhi i roto i te-ore-hia, a ētahi wā i roto i ngā whakataetae tuwhera. Aviation - Ko tetahi wāhi o whakataetae tonu tenei. Kia te kingi o te rangi - he aha i taea e atu whaimana mo te mahi hoia? E whakaritea tonu rererangi Russian, me te American. Hei tauira, te Ameliká kua toutou hua raraunga tautoko i te painga i o ratou mihini ki runga i runga i te pere me te poma kawenga tata e rave rahi taime kāinga.

E tahuri tohunga Russian ki te hamani i taua kerēme e te ti'aturi. tohunga Military kite kahore take ki noa'tu whakawhirinaki te atu rōpū, mai e whakamahia enei raraunga hei kaimahi i te whawhe. Ki te korero tatou o te whakawa, engari ko te rangatira waka he whakaaro tonu o te maha o pū i runga i tona poari. E tano ia tapao e ko warhead thermonuclear nui rawa o te ao ki te maka i te reira i te waka rererangi Russian. maturuturu iho Power pera a poma 50 miriona. Taranata o TNT, te hau i roto i te whakamātautau e toru nga wa taiawhiotia te whenua. i maka te utu atu i runga i te rohe o te whenua New.

Ara i nga pungarehu

"B-52" - rererangi (. Photos, kite) ka hoki mai ki nga rarangi o te Air Force o Amerika. horahia te rongo o tenei i te timatanga o Maehe 2015. I roto i te whawhai hoki rarangi "B-52H", amo te ingoa o "Rider Wairua" (Wairua Rider), e te tuhituhi atu e whitu tau ki muri. I tukua e ia i roto i 1962, ka oti tana mahi rere i roto i te 2008. Mai reira, i ahau i roto i Tucson (Arizona) i runga i te urupa manureva pera-ka karanga. Ko te tikanga ki te whakakapi i te mīhini rite pakaru. ka mau Tapia rererangi e rave rahi marama. Ia pai te haere whakamātautau rere, i roto i nei haere neke atu i 1.6 mano. Km. I muri i taua, i whakaturia e ia i te turanga rangi i roto i Louisiana. Here oti hanga me te whakamātautau whakamutunga.

E tano ia tapao e i roto i te aamu hōia United States ko te wa tuatahi e hoki te solia "B-52" ki te pūnaha mahi whawhai. Ka rite ki faataa e ngā māngai o te Force Air, ka whakakapi te reira i te taua rererangi, i tahuna iho i runga i te pūtake o tona hanga e utu tino atu te utu.