Brinell tikanga: āhuatanga me te ngako

Hei whakatau i te pakeke o te tino whakamahia nuitia mataaro pūkaha Swedish Brinell tenenga rauemi - te tikanga e ine āhuatanga mata me ngā āhuatanga o te waerau homai konganuku atu.

Aromātai o rauemi

Ko te whakawhetai ki tenei kitea e tata inaianei ara o te tono whai hua te nuinga o kirihou. kirihou pakeke kore tiketike rawa tirohia hoki elasticity me te whenu ki te whakamahi rite te sealant, taatiraa me rauemi gasket. Development Brinell - he tikanga ki te whakatau i te kaha me te taikaha o te rauemi, e ka mahi waihanga nui - i roto i te wira taputapu me karauna, ahunga i raro i pikaunga taimaha, nga taipitopito o te hononga whiria, me ētahi atu

homai te aromātai o te kaha te tika tino ko tenei tikanga. Te uara tawhā, denoted nei ko R1V, te amuitahiraa. Ko te tino whakamahia nuitia mō tenei whakaaro whanaketanga Brinell - te tikanga i roto i nei aki te parahi pōro e rima mirimita ki te rauemi. E ai ki te hohonu o te nukuhanga pōro me te mea i whakaritea e GOST.

kōrero

I roto i te 1900, he kaipūkaha i Sweden, Yuhana Avgusta Brinell tikanga, whakaarohia ia ao rauemi pūtaiao, i hanga rongonui. E kore noa i ia te ingoa i roto i te kororia o te ma'imi, engari ano hoki hei te tino whakamahia whānuitia paerewa.

He aha te mea pakeke? Tenei taonga ngā o te rauemi, e kore e ite i te deformation kirihou o te whakapā o te pānga rohe e maha mai ki raro ki te whakatinanatanga indektora (he tinana mārō) ki te rauemi.

Faaho'ihia mai me te taikaha unrestored

tauturu Brinell tikanga ine i te pakeke iti, whakaritea nei e te ōwehenga o te kawenga ki te rōrahi o te tāruatanga, te rohe ngä rohe mata ranei. Ko te kupu, Ko rōrahi te pakeke, me te mata ngä. takoto te whakamutunga e te ōwehenga o: te kawenga ki te rohe tā. whanganga pakeke nuinga e te ōwehenga utanga ki te rōrahi o taua mea, me te flat - te kawenga ki te rohe ngä, i mahue nei kua he ōhakitia.

Unreduced pakeke Brinell rite ki te tikanga tautuhia e te taua tawhā, riro anake te uara whanganga kaha tō taketake, te ōwehenga o nei ki te whakaaturanga rohe mata, rōrahi ngä ranei tāmau i roto i te indektor rauemi. nuinga Waihoki tatau, me pakeke mata papatahi: te ōwehenga o te kaha ātete ki te rohe rānei mata o te wahi indektora horomia ki te rohe o tona ngä ranei, rānei te rōrahi.

Faaotiraa o te pakeke

Ko te kaha ki te pato'ii te kirihou me te deformation rapa ka i raro ki te indektora rauemi atu mārō - te whakamāramatanga o te pakeke, i.e., he mea i roto i te meka i te rauemi whakamātautau ki nukuhanga. Tikanga mō te ine i Brinell pakeke - inenga o pēhea te hohonu indektor ngoto ki te rauemi. Hei mohio te uara tangohia o te pakeke o te rauemi, he mea e tika ana ki te ine i te hohonu o te kătahi. Ki te mahi i tenei, i reira ko te tikanga Brinell ko Rockwell, Vickers tikanga uaua whakamahia.

Ki te tika whakatau te tikanga Rockwell te hohonu kătahi heitiki ki te rauemi, me whanganga te tohu Vickers Brinell e tona rohe mata. Huri i te reira i roto i taua i te indektor hohonu i roto i te rauemi, i whiwhi ai te ōhakitia e te wāhi nui. Ka taea te whakamatauria pakeke tino tetahi rauemi: kohuke, konganuku, kirihou me te rite, engari kua whakaritea e te pakeke o ia o ratou ona tikanga ake.

Me pēhea te ki te kitea te ara

Ko te tino pai hoki ngā rauemi inhomogeneous, alloys, e kore e pakeke rawa e Tikanga mo te faaotiraa o Brinell pakeke. E kore noa te momo o rauemi whakatau te tikanga o te ine, engari ko nga tawhā ki te kia takoto ratou. whanganga pakeke te rite kua Pine te alloys mai fakataha ratou rauemi ki āhuatanga rerekē. Hei tauira, rino. He ia he hanganga rawa inhomogeneous, i reira he cementite hakari, graphite, Onemata, ferrite, a reira whanganga te pakeke o te maka rino - Pine uara, nga ngā o te pakeke o nga wae katoa.

Measurement o te pakeke o te konganuku kawea rite ki te tikanga Brinell te i roto i te whakamahi i te indektora nui ki te Imprint tahuri i runga i nui rohe tauira. maka te kupu rino, me te kia rite ai i raro i enei tikanga i te uara e ko he toharite o maha, me te rerekē ngā wāhanga. Ko te tino pai tenei tikanga, ka whanganga alloys pakeke - rino, konganuku nonferrous, parahi, konumohe, me te rite. Tino tika, whakaatu ana tenei tikanga te uara o te pakeke o kirihou.

Rockwell vs

He pai mō te whakarewa pakeke, me te superhard reira me te Pine hoki te pakeke o te uara hua. Indektorom Ko te pōro maitai ranei te tihi, engari ētahi atu atu i enei whakamahia te, me te koeko taimana. Kei te whiwhi hoki te ōhakitia i runga i te rauemi rite whanganga e te tikanga Rockwell nui me te tau pakeke Pine rerekē ngā wāhanga.

Brinell Rockwell tauine, me te rerekē i roto i te parau tumu: i roto i te hua o mua aroaro te rite te huawehe i muri i wehewehe i te kaha pēhi i te mata o te rohe tā, engari Tātaitia Rockwell te ōwehenga o te hohonu kătahi o te kōwae tauine ki te hohonu ruri. Ko te aha te pakeke tata rahikore Rockwell, a kei te mārama whanganga HB i roto i kirokaramu ia mirimita tapawha.

whakamātautau pakeke Vickers

Ki te mea iti rawa te tauira ranei whakahe iti atu i te uara tapuwae indektora e ine i te pakeke o Rockwell Brinell pakeke ranei te ine e tika ana, he mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i ngā tūāhua microhardness, i roto i nei te tino rongonui - Vickers. Indektorom Ko te koeko taimana, engari te uiui te ōhakitia e ka whanganga e te pūnaha whatu, rite ki te karu. Kia mohiotia ai ki te uara Pine, rawa, engari tātai te taikaha te i te wāhi nui iti.

Ki te ki te ana te ruri te tauine o te ahanoa rawa iti, whakamahia e te reira Micro Durometer, taea ki te hanga i te tohu i roto i te witi takitahi, wā, apa, a taea te tīpakohia takitahi te kawenga nukuhanga. Metallography taea te whakamahi i enei tikanga, me te whakatau i te pakeke me te microhardness o konganuku me ngā rauemi pūtaiao i roto i te ara ano whakatau te pakeke me te microhardness o ngā rauemi nonmetallic.

whānuitanga o

E toru awhe mō te ine pakeke. Ko te whānuitanga tonotono whakaritea e te uara kawenga i 2 N ki te 30 KN. Microrange whakawhāiti te kawenga e kore anake i runga i indektor, engari ano hoki te hohonu o te kătahi. Ko te uara tuatahi he iti iho i te 2 N, me te tuarua - nui atu i 0.2 microns. Ko te nanoscale whakaritea anake i te hohonu o te kătahi indektora - iti iho i te 0.2 microns. Ko te hua e homai rauemi nanotvordost.

tawhā inenga whakawhirinaki matua i runga i te kawenga tono e te ki indektoru. Kei te ara ka tēnei fakafalala he ingoa motuhake - pānga rahi i runga i English - nukunga pānga rahi. Ka taea te whakaritea pānga Rahi puka indektora. Porohita - piki pakeke ki te whakanui ake kawenga, reira, te pānga rahi ko te ritenga. Tara Vickers Berkovich ranei whakaiti te pakeke ki te whakanui ake kawenga (konei, noa pānga tika-ahu ranei). Ko te koeko-vahi, e whakamahia nei mo te tauine Rockwell, whakaatu e te hua i roto i te kawenga whakanuia ana te pakeke tuatahi, a ka heke te whakataki o te wahi porohita te.

Materials me ngā tikanga o te ine

Te nuinga pakeke tenei ra i ngā rauemi ngā - e rua putanga waro: hawhe taimana lonsdalite he pai i roto i te pakeke, me te rite fullerenes e taea taimana rua. kua tika anake timata tono Practical o enei rauemi, me i o te noa tino ko te taimana faingataa. Ki te tona awhina, E whakatakotoria ana e te reira i te pakeke o te konganuku katoa.

Methods mō te faaotiraa o (rongonui tino) kua whakarārangitia i runga ake, engari ki te matau o ratou āhuatanga, me te matau i te hiahia ki te whakaaro atu, e taea te wehea ki hihiri, arā ru, me te pateko, e kua oti whakaaro. Kei te karanga a hoki tikanga ine te tauine. kia haamana'o te reira e te tino rongonui ko tonu te āwhata Brinell, te pakeke o i whanganga e te diameter o te nukuhanga, e rau te aki te pōro maitai ki te mata o te rauemi.

Faaotiraa o te pakeke

Brinell tikanga (GOST 9012-59) taea ki te tuhi i te tau pakeke, kahore wae, e hūanga ona HB, i reira H - pakeke (pakeke), me te B - mau Brinell. whanganga wāhi tā te hei wāhanga o te poi, nui atu i te wāhi porohita, rite e te whānuitanga o Meyer hei tauira. Ko rerekē i roto i taua whiwhi te hohonu o te whakamāramatanga takiuru rauemi pōro koeko ranei pakeke o te taimana te rahikore Rockwell tauine. Kei te whakaritea te reira i HRA, HRC, HRB, ranei HR. Tātai mō te tātai i te pakeke, ko te rite whai: HR = 100 (130) - KD. Tenei d Ko te hohonu o embedment, me k - tauwehe.

Ka taea te whakaritea Vickers pakeke i te tikanga o te ōhakitia mahue e koeko tetrahedral te aki ki te rauemi mata i roto i te pā ana ki te kawenga i i tono ki te tara. rohe Tā - e kore te taimana, ko te wahi o te tara tapawha. kia whakaaro Vickers taha rite Ng ia mm ^2, denoted Hv wae. He he ano hoki te tikanga o te ine i te Shore (nukunga), te tikanga e whakamahia ana mō ngā waerau me he unahi ine ma rua. Shore Asker tauine tika (te putanga Japanese mō rauemi ngohengohe me te rapa) e tino rite ki te tikanga o mua, he rerekē nga tawhā anake o te pūrere ruri me te whakamahi i indektory rerekē. Ko tētahi atu tikanga Shore - tāwhana - ki tiketike-uara tawhiti e he rauemi tino pakeke. Ka taea te faaoti te reira e nga tikanga katoa o te ine i te pakeke o te rauemi, wehea ki e rua ngā kāwai - hihiri me te pateko.

Instruments me taputapu

ka karanga Pūrere mō te faaotiraa o te pakeke tvordomerami, tenei taputapu inenga. Whakamatautau i te awenga rerekē i runga i te ahanoa, kia tikanga e taea e haamou, me te kore e ngaro i te reira. I waenganui i te katoa o enei unahi kore e whai i te hononga tika, mai i te kore e tetahi o nga tikanga whakaata i te āhuatanga taketake o te rauemi i roto i te taatoaraa.

Otiia hanga makona fakafuofua'i 'te tepu, te wahi e herea ratou tauine me tikanga rerekē mō te kāwai o ngā rauemi, me o ratou rōpū takitahi. Te hanga i enei papa i hanga taea i muri i te raupapa o ngā me ngā whakamātautau. Heoi, e kore e ariā e pai tukua tetahi o tikanga tātai ki te whakawhiti i te aratau tetahi ki tetahi te tīariari. Ko te tikanga ngā e i takoto te pakeke kei te kei te nuinga o te wā i tīpakohia e hāngai ana i runga i te taputapu e wātea ana, ine mahi tikanga o taua mea, me o te akoranga, nga āhuatanga o te rauemi iho.