Cellulose Tātai. āhuatanga ōkiko matū. Takanga, tono

Hoko ngā rā maheni mo tatou, e te hunga whaikörero i roto i to tatou oraraa ia rā, e waiho e taea ki te whakaaro i waho te whakamahi o ngā hua matū whaiwaro. Roa i mua i ngā matū Anselm Payá, rite ki te hua o nei i taea ki te ite i me te whakaahua i roto i te tau 1838 i te hukarau kua riro nei ia ake ingoa "cellulose" (i takea mai i te cellulose Wīwī me te cellula Latin, te tikanga "ruma i roto rawa pūtau"), tenei taonga o te taonga mātātoa whakamahia i roto i te hanga nga mea faufaa tino.

Kua arahina matauranga nui ake o te penupenu ki te whānui o mea momo, hanga i runga i tona pūtake. Ko te pepa o ngā māka, paperboard, wahi kirihou me o muka waihanga (tāpia, viscose reiaku, parahi-haukini), kiriata polymer, enamels me varnishes, teretere, tāpiri kai (E460) me tae noa paura auahi he hua o te whakaputa me te tukatuka o penupenu.

Ko te ma totoka ki te āhuatanga tika ataahua cellulose Pure, he ātete pai ki ngā awe matū, me te tinana.

Nature whiriwhiria cellulose (cellulose) rite ratou rauemi whare tuatahi. I roto i te ao te tipu ko reira te pūtake mō ngā taiepa pūtau o rākau me ētahi atu tipu teitei. I roto i te puka parakore o ka puta noa cellulose ko makawe uri miro.

Ko te āhuatanga ahurei o tenei rauemi e whakaritea e tona hanganga taketake. cellulose tātai he tapeke record (C6 H10 O5) n i nei kite tatou i te hanganga polymeric korerotia. Tukurua i te maha nui o ngā wā β-kūhuka toenga he tirohanga atu taipitopito o te āhua o - [C6 H7 O2 (OH) 3] -, te hono ki te rāpoi ngota roa rārangi.

tātai cellulose rāpoi tautuhi ona āhuatanga matū ahurei ki te pato'ii te taiao ha'iriiri. Hoki penupenu he ātete tiketike ki te wera, ara i pupuritia 200 nekehanga rauemi degrees tona hanganga, me te kore e ngaro. puta Autoignition i te pāmahana o te 420 ° C.

No cellulose iti ātaahua i roto i o ratou āhuatanga ōkiko. Ko te tātai hanganga o te cellulose i te puka o whenu roa kei roto i 300 ki te 10,000 wae te kūhuka he kahore manga taha, te nuinga whakatau te pūmautanga tiketike o tenei taonga. E whakaatu ana Tātai kūhuka pehea he plurality o here hauwai tuku muka cellulose kore anake kaha mīhini tiketike, engari ano hoki elasticity tiketike. Ko nga hua o te tukatuka tātaritanga ko he plurality o ngā matū, me te rangahau i te hanga a te tauira o macromolecules cellulose. Ko te tōrino mārō i roto i takahanga 2-3 o te taumata pūmotu, ähuareka nei e tika ana ki here hauwai intramolecular.

Ehara i tātai cellulose me ona tohu o te polymerization ko te āhuatanga taketake mō matū maha. Ko te kupu i roto i te miro raw tae te maha o ngā toenga glucosidic 2500-3000, te miro pure - i 900 ki te 1000, te rakau penupenu pure he tohu 800-1000, te whakaoranga heke te cellulose i roto i to ratou tau e ki 200-400, me cellulose tāpia i roto i te ahumahi pae reira i 150 ki 270 "hononga" i roto i te rāpoi ngota.

He hua mō te hanga cellulose he rauemi tipu, matua he rakau. Ko te tukanga taketake tā te hanga o maramara rakau ki ngā matū pulping, aru i te purenga, whakamaroke, me te tapahi i te hua oti.

maimoatanga muri o te cellulose hanga reira taea ki te whiwhi i te whānuitanga o ngā rauemi ki hiahiatia ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū e tukua ki te whakaputa i te whānui o ngā hua momo, kahore nei ko te ora o te tangata hou pakeke ki te whakaaro. Ko te tātai ahurei o cellulose, matū whakaritea me te maimoatanga tinana, ka te pūtake mo te hanga o ngā rauemi e he ahurei i roto i te āhua, tuku ia ratou ki te kia whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te ahumahi matū, rongoā, me te tahi atu mara o mahi a te tangata.