Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev: haurongo, whakaahua me ngā meka ngā

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev - Russian pehe, kaituhi, philosopho me mystic. Tama o te kaituhi rongonui Leonid Andreyev. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te tohi pūngāwerewere "Rose o te Ao" rongonui. I teie mahana, ka titiro tatou ki te haurongo o tenei tangata ngā.

tamarikitanga

ko Andreev Daniil Leonidovich tuarua te tama a Leonid Nikolaevich (kaituhi rongonui) me Aleksandry Mihaylovny Andreevyh. He pārekareka ki te mōhio, e ko te whaea o te kaituhi heke mai he nui-irāmutu Tarasa Grigorevicha Shevchenko. I whanau Daniel A. i runga i Whiringa 2, 1906 i roto i Berlin. Just he torutoru ra i muri i tona whanautanga mate Alexander M. i puerperal kirika. Matua, ohorere mate tana wahine, te whakapanga o te hou katoa, hua tupuna (whaea o Alexandra Mikhailovna) faaoti Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna ki te tango i a Raniera ki a Moscow. I reira, taka ia ki te hapu o tona whaea keke, Elizabeth Mikhailovna Dobrova, tona tane ko te tākuta rongonui.

Ka rite ki te tamaiti, Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev maha mate. E rave rahi taime i tika ia whanui o te huruhuru i te mate. I roto i te ono tau, ka hinga mate ki diphtheria te tamaiti, a ka kua huaketo reira koutou tupuna tino. Ko kore Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna taea ki te whawhai i te mate, a mate. I maoro te whenua e tata ana St Petersburg tamaiti haere i ki totohu, kia kite tona whaea, me te kuia. Aua'e, i te kau whakamutunga i mutu ia i runga i te piriti i runga i te awa rohe.

I runga i te meka e he tonu mate, a tae noa tamata ki te mahia e whakamomori te tamaiti, te mea te reira e ia i roto i te whare o te whaea keke kahore tetahi i. I roto i te meka, i rerekē katoa. Taku whaea keke me tana tane whāngai Raniera rite he tama, a tawhio noa ia ia ki te tiaki me te whakarongo. I aua ra, ko Dobrov whare kotahi o te ahurea (waiata me te tuhinga) pokapū i roto i Moscow. Tenei haere mai I. A. Bunin, A. N. Skryabin, V. I. Shalyapin me te tini ke atu. Ko te mana o te whānau whakaatu i te iti rawa i te meka e ko Raniera te matua wairua o Maxim Gorky. Te huru i te kāinga mea akiaki e te tamaiti, a ākina tona aroha o te tuhinga.

I roto i te 1915, i tuhituhi-tau iwa Raniera tona pehepehe tuatahi "te Garden". I roto i te taua tau ka haere mai ki te marama ana kōrero tuatahi, tuatahi "Insect Journey" a ka "kararehe antediluvian Life." I tua atu, i tuhituhi te aivanaa tuhi tamaiti hautoa nui, tona mahi whakawhanake i te moe ki a ratou wāhi fakatāutaha interplanetary i roto i. I runga i nga taiepa o tona tamaiti ruma kumea ana whakaahua o nga rangatira whakaaro ratou whare. Ratou āhuatanga pakeke hāngai ki te āhuatanga o te tamaiti.

Mātauranga me te e fakamaama

I roto i te ngahuru o 1917 tomo te kaituhi tuhi te hākinakina E. A. Repman, te wahi ako ia tae noa ki 1923. Ko te tau e whai ake nei ka tomo ia te Literary Institute ingoa i muri i Brusov. Huri noa i te wa ano i timata Andreev mahi i runga i te wahi o "hara". I te tau 1926 honoa e ia te Union o Poets, i roa noa 1929.

I roto i August 1921, te Raniera-tau 15-tau, e haere ana i roto i nga waharoa e karapoti ana i te Karaiti i te Kaiwhakaora Cathedral, kite te Kremlin i te rangi i teie nei. tuhituhi ia e pā ana ki tenei i roto i te Chapter 1, te pukapuka 2 i roto i te raupapa "Rose o te Ao". Ko te hui i muri o tenei tikanga i tupu i roto i te tau 1928 i roto i Aranga. Te riroraa i roto i te Ekalesia o te inoi i roto i Levshinov, kaituhi, rohi pehe, a inaianei kite te mystic hītori ao rite te awa pūngāwerewere kotahi.

te faaipoiporaa

I roto i te mutunga o te raumati o te tau 1926 i moea e te kaituhi taitamariki Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev Gublor Alexander, ki nei whakangungua ia i te akoranga Teitei State i tuhinga. ka mau te marena wahi i whakaaro awa, i roto i te hahi o te raa. I roto i te Hui-tanguru te tau i muri mai mana i whakarerea te tokorua, a mutu Andreev e haere ana akoranga tuhituhi.

I roto i te 1928, whakaputaina te kaituhi he maau "Whero Moscow", kua tonu ki te mahi i runga i te pūrākau "hara" a ka anga ki te tuhituhi "tanuraa" huringa. Tenei raumati pau ia i roto i Tarusa.

ngaahi ta'u ki mu'a

I roto i te 40s o te rau tau whakamutunga mahi Andreev rite te artist momo kaihoahoa tuhituhi pānuitanga me ētahi atu inscriptions. Heoi te nuinga o te wa i hoatu e ia tuhinga. I roto i te 1930, ka timata te kaituhi ki te waihanga i tētahi maau "Poupoutanga". I roto i te raumati o te tau 1931 tutaki Andreev ki M. A. Voloshinym. Maoro, ara Hōngongoi 29, i runga i nga pareparenga o Nerusso Daniil Leonidovich ite he aha ia i muri fakamatala'i rite te pakaruhanga o te mahara rangi.

I roto i te wā-tanguru-Maehe 1932 whai wāhi i roto i te kaituhi whakatika tuhituhi, a ka noho iho rite upoko o sotsbytsektoru niupepa i tetahi o nga wheketere Moscow. I roto i te raumati o 1932 i whanau te kohinga o ngā rotarota "Poet Diary." Ko reira faahiahia e i roto i te tika tau, te kaituhi o tenei kohinga ngaro. I te tau 1933 ka timata Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev ki te tuhituhi i te tuhinga roa "te takiwa o te parau haapiiraa takitarotia" e i noho oti, me te huringa o "raorao". I roto i te ngahuru o 1934 tae mai te pehe Koktebel, a ka tuhituhi he maau, "a Voloshin Menema."

I roto i te 1935, ka haere mai te kaituhituhi ki te komiti pa Moscow o toi whakairoiro. I roto i te tīmatanga o Mahuru o te taua tau i whanau ia i te "Solo" he maau ui ko e "Song o Mansalvate", e ka e toru nga tau tino oti. I roto i te tau 1937, tūtohutia te E. P. Peshkova karanga Andreev ki Stalin ki te tono ki te āwhina i roto i te hokinga mai i whakarau o tona teina, V. L. Andreeva. I roto i te ngahuru o te taua tau timata te kaituhi tuhi i te pūrākau e pā ana ki pūkenga rapu fakalaumālie i roto i aua ra, "nga tangata iwi ke Night", i hapu rite te "putaputa o te wairua" i roto i te horopaki o te wā. E te take tata whakatata ia anake i roto i te 1947.

faaipoiporaa tuarua

I roto i te puna o 1937 tutaki Andreev ki tine Ivashevoy-Musatov, e 8 tau i muri e riro i tana wahine tuarua. I muri, ka he e whakataua ki Alla me tana tane, a ka tukua te tau i mua atu i meatia e ia. Tana wahine tuarua ko te kaituhi mō te tautoko i roto i te tau whawhai, nga tau o te here, me nga tau pakeke i muri. Kua tonu te reira i te tupu, ka whai wāhi ki te whakaputanga o ana mahi nui i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau rua tekau. I muri mai, i mahi ia mō te 15 tau ko te wahine o Evgeniya Belousova, te tama a te A. kaituhi I. rongonui Belousova.

whawhai

I roto i te puna o 1941 ka mate a F. A. Dobrov, whakapono Daniil Leonidovich te papa faaamu. I roto i nga tau wawe o te Tuarua o te Ao Pakanga Andreev mahi ia i runga i te pehepehe "Amber" me "Tiamana" (me kua kore i oti), a ka oti te huringa o rotarota "tanuraa." I roto i te Hōngongoi 1942, ka mate a E. M. Dobrova, ko wai i rite te whaea ki Andreev.

I roto i te ngahuru 1942 i tuhia te kaituhi ki te ope. I roto i te Hānuere 1943, kī reira tomo 196 th Infantry Division te Stalingrad whakapaea. I te mua, ko Andreev he kaihoahoa whakairoiro, he medic a ko i roto i te kapa tangihanga. Hoki te mahi pai whakawhiwhia kaituhi te mētara "hoki te Defence o Leningrad". Pipiri 25, 1945 th Andreeva mohio monokia rōpū pakanga 2.

I muri i te whawhai, ka hoki te pehe ki Moscow, a ka he kaihoahoa whakairoiro i roto i te Museum o Communications. Whiringa 4, 1945, i moea e ōkawa ia A. A. Ivashevoy-Musatov.

whare herehere

I te timatanga o 1947, mutu te kaituhi te pūrākau "Po Wanderers" ka timata ki te whai whakaaro te wahi tuarua o te huinga toru e whakaarohia ana, e pai kia huaina "Tamai Kremlin" ka whakaurua te wheako aho-mua o te kaituhituhi.

April 21, 1947 hoki o te faahaparaa, me te pūrākau "Wanderers Night" Andreeva whakataua e Tuhinga 58. Whakawakia o whakatö-anti-Soviet me whakaaro kaiwhakatuma Daniil Leonidovich ka 25 tau i roto i te whare herehere, i taua wa ko e te utu nui rawa i roto i te USSR. I tua atu ki te kaituhi i tukua i hopu me ona whanaunga. i tautea 19 whanaunga me hoa Andreeva ki herehere mo te wā i te 10 ki te 25 tau i roto i te puni mahi. Katoa Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, tuhituhia i mua i te mutunga o te MGB i ngaro.

I roto i te Whiringa 1948, ārahina Raniera Akhmetov i te whare herehere Lefortovo i Vladimir (te taua "Vladimir Central"). Ahakoa te mutunga, tonu Andreev ki mātātoa ngā i roto i te tuhituhi o mahi tuhituhi. I roto i te 1950, oti ia te maau "Nemerecha", i timata i roto i te 37th. maau "City Day Symphony" i tuhituhia i roto i te Hakihea, 1950. I te mutunga o te marama kotahi, ki te rerekētanga o te ra kotahi, ka anga Andreev mahi i runga i "mea ngaro Iron" me "Rose o te ao."

I roto i te 1951, i mahi te kaituhi i runga i te "himene e ata" me "Te mate o Ivan te Terrible." Te tau e whai ake nei, ka timata ia te mahi i runga i te putanga tuatahi o te pukapuka "atua Russian" ka tuhituhi he ruri i huaina "Ruh". I roto i te tau 1953, i te pūrākau i āpitihia ki te pukapuka "Te Plutarch hōu," i tuhituhi tahi Andreev ki ana cellmates, Parin physiologist me te tumu kōrero L. mate pukupuku. I roto i te ngahuru o 1953, i mua i neke i runga i ki tetahi atu pūtau, te kaituhi Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev ite wheako pūngāwerewere, pera e mea ia i muri, ko nei, ta'ehanotatau i roto i tona hanahana.

I roto i te Noema 1954 tuhituhi Andreev i te ingoa o G. M. Malenkova - Tiamana o te Kaunihera USSR o Minita, he tauākī i kapea e kotahi ano te whakaaetanga herekore o te pūnaha Soviet, i roto i te tirohanga o "te kore o rangatiratanga manapori tūturu." I te mutunga o taua tau, i Andreev te whakaeke ngakau. I roto i te 1955 mahi ia i runga i te pehepehe "te utu Demon" me "Navna". February 8, 1956 whanaunga Dmitry Leonidovich - A. F. Kovalenskaya - mate i roto i te hōhipera puni. I roto i Mei o te taua tau oti te kaituhi hua o "Mystery Train." A i runga i te 10 o Ākuhata 1956, ka tukua tana wahine i te puni. He wiki ruarua i muri i tona tukunga Komihana o te Presidium o te Hupirimi Soviet o te USSR tukuna he tikanga rite ki o te Article 58 Kua maturuturu iho nei ki te 10 tau me here whiu.

August 24, 1956, mo te wa tuatahi o tona puke, ka kite i te punake Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev tana wahine i roto i te whare herehere Vladimir. I April 23 o te tau e whai ake nei i tukua e ia i te puritia. Pipiri 21, 1957 i tino memeha nga whakapae tuatahi ki Andreev, a ki runga ki Hūrae 11, i rehabilitated ia.

tau tata nei

I roto i te raumati o 1957 e mahara kakā Daniel Andreev mo te wa tuatahi i muri i neke atu i te 40 tau o te wehenga, ka tutaki ia ki tona tuakana Vadim. Mai i Whiringa 57th ora Andreev me tana wahine i roto i Moscow. Huri noa i te wa ano i whakahoki ano tona mana rite te tangata hauā o te rōpū tuarua, e pā ana i te penihana i te nui o 347 moni. Whiringa 30, 1957 ka mate te whanaunga o te kaituhituhi, A. F. Dobrov. I te mutunga o te 57th, tahi ki Z. Rahim Andreev mahi i runga i te translation o nga kōrero Japanese Fumiko Hayashi ngā i roto i te whakaputanga "ono kōrero."

February 12, tonoa 1958 th Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev te Komiti Central he reta tono ki te kia maheni ki tona whiti. E ai ki te kaituhi, ki te ora, huna ana mahi i te iwi, he mea whakatūahu noa hoki a ia. February 26 ia i karangatia ki te Komiti Central. Ko te whakahaere me te mana i hoatu e te kaituhi te tumanako e i roto i te heke mai taea te whakaputaina tona mahi. I tua atu, i roto i te wa poto ia riro noa i Union āwhina pūtea nga Writers '.

I roto i te puna o 1958 i uru Andreev ki te hōhipera ki te exacerbation o angina me atherosclerosis. Pipiri 4, ua faaipoipo ia ki tana wahine, tine Andreevoy i roto i te hiero Rizopolozhensky. I muri i te marena, ka haere te rua i runga i te haerenga i runga i te kaipuke i Moscou ki Ufa me hoki. I roto i te tīmatanga o Hōngongoi o te taua tau ka haere mai ki te tata tuhituhi te tekau ma tahi o nga pukapuka o te pukapuka "Rose o te Ao". E nga waenganui-ngahuru i āpitihia pukapuka tonu. I te wa ano kua oti te kaituhi mahi i runga i te kohinga o ngā rotarota, "te Poutohu o Yarosvete" me te whiti "taha hē o te Ao".

I roto i te po o 18 ki Oketopa 19, i tuhituhi 1958 Andreev he maau i huaina "Kotahi ki runga ki te wa i roto i te pirimia wawe o te ora ...." I roto i te reira ka inoi te rohi pehe mo te whakaora o tana tuhinga. Te marama e whai ake nei, he huringa o ngā rotarota o Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev i haaputuhia, ka karanga "Russia Tapu nga wairua." Whiringa 14, i muri i hoki mai i te Key Hot, te kaituhi anō-uru ki te hōhipera.

I te mutunga o Hānuere 1959 hoatu A. A. Andreevoy he whakamana mo te ruma i roto i te fare hapori i runga i Leninsky Prospekt. Here Andreev, whakamamaetia e te whakaeke ngakau tamau, pau te ono wiki whakamutunga o tona ora.

Maehe 30, ka mate a 1959 Daniel Leonidovich. April 3, lau Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov kaituhi te mahi tanumanga i roto i te hahi i runga i te Deposition o te Ahu o te Don. i tanumia Andreev i Novodevichy Cemetery tata te urupa o tona whaea.

tuku iho

A, no te te ora o te rohi pehe, kaituhi, mystic me te tangata tohe a Raniera Leonidovich Andreev, whakaatu tona profundity nui nei whakaahua, tetahi o nga mahi toi o te kaituhi, me te kua kore i whakaputaina. Ko pea te okotahi e te pukapuka "kaihōpara maunga faahiahia o Central Asia" whakaputaina i roto i te mahi tahi ki a S. N. Matveevym.

mate ia i 52 tau, he rota ki te mea ka mahi Daniel Leonidovich i. Ko te mea matua ko te aha hiahia ia, heoi kihai i - ki te hanga i te kura mō ngā tamariki pupū pūkenga te matatika me te whakatau ki a ratou kaipānui. Neke atu i te toru tekau tau i muri i tona matenga, puku i pupuri i tana wahine ki te papa'i, wehi e i tetahi wāhi ano i taea te huna ratou. whakaputaina "Rose o te Ao" i anake i roto i te 1991, tata ki te aroaro o te hinganga o te tikanga Soviet - te mahi matua o Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev. Na konei ko te mīharo whakawhanakehia Biography Daniil Andreev. I roto i te ora o te kaituhi i maha piki me ngā heke, ka kaha mana'o o te riri, i kitea mīharo me i ūhia ki iti. Ko ahakoa tenei, noho tonu ia i roto i toku whakaaro.

pūmahara

I roto i te 2003, ua faaue e te wahine o Daniel Akhmetov Alla Alexandrovna Alexey Kurbatov i tito te waiata ki te maau Andreeva "Leningrad poautinitini". I roto i te hinga o 2014 toa kainga kei roto i te rohe o Bryansk me, i whakatuwheratia te whare taonga Andreeva Daniila Leonidovicha, tona haurongo kua te uiui tatou.