"Gneisenau '(tama'i) āhuatanga, me te whakaahuatanga hanganga

Te tama'i Tiamana Navy rongonui "Gneisenau" i hoatu ki mahi i roto i te tau 1938 i runga i te mahana o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. riro te hoahoa o tenei kaipuke kua tetahi o te hao tino mo tona wa. Te tama'i i mahi noa 1943, i te mea kua tino pakaru te whawhai i muri. I tonoa mai e ia mo te hanga, engari i roto i te mutunga faaoti ki tiaki. I roto i te 1945, tata ki te aroaro o te hinga o Germany, i tapoko te kaipuke. I roto i te hītori i reira rongonui kore anake mo tona mahinga o ringa, engari ano hoki mahi tino.

History o te whare

tama'i Tiamana "Gneisenau" - tetahi o nga kaipuke tino rongonui o te Pakanga II o te Ao. ka anga Ko tōna hītori roto i 1933, ka whakaritea e te Tuatoru Reich ki te hanga rua kaipuke o te momo hou "Scharnhorst". whakatinana te kaupapa i roto i te muna katoa. Mana, te tama'i "Gneisenau" tukuna hoki tetahi atu oko o te "Deutschland". Heoi, i waenganui i te pakiwaitara tūmatanui, me tenei kaipuke ko te rerekētanga nui.

"Gneisenau" taa ê papatipu nui o 19,000 taranata, a ko tona kaha 161.000 horsepower. ngā tama'i kaumoana o 1669 hoia. Hoki ona āhuatanga katoa, i hapu te kaipuke rite te patu rahi - te kaipuke peara Tiamana. A ko reira kore maere, no te mea pai te ārahitanga o te Tolú Reich ki te kōkiri kaupapa mīharo, me te utu, tetahi o nei, kahore feaa, ko te "Gneisenau". I hanga tama'i rite te whakautu ki te Royal Navy me te Wīwī (te French kaipuke "Dunkerque" momo rawa). Ko tōna rerekētanga matua i te tahi atu tauira ko te hua i tohua i roto i rahuitia, me patu.

I roto i te 1935, ara i te kaipuke ki anō-taunaha no o te putanga o te hou, ara ake maia i roto i ngā o te hoahoa, kaupapa. hanga te whakarewatanga i Hakihea 8, 1936-th. I taua ra, tetahi o nga mekameka pakaru kawe, no te mea o te mea i marara te kaipuke, ka rere ki te uta. tahuri kino raruraru kei.

pu

ingoa te kaipuke "Gneisenau" (tama'i) te i muri i rongonui mō te wā Pakanga ahau cruiser Armoured no ki te matua hoia o Admiral Spee. Waitohu whiriwhiri he kahore tāpiritanga. "Gneisenau" Ko te tuatahi tama'i o te German Navy, hanga i roto i te wā interwar. Tau o whakama, me nga aukati i aru mutu te Tiriti o Versailles. Otiia e tika ana ki te meka i te kaipuke Tiamana noho numera ngoikore, i roto i nga tau 30 i mahara ai ki te mahi i, "Gneisenau" kaipuke, hangaia anake mo nga marau. I roto i te Tuatoru Reich i te oko hou e tatari ana ki te angitu, rite ki te hunga i te mua Pāoa rongonui.

I roto i te wā interwar, timata te hanga o pu 283-mm i Germany, whakaputaina mō te "Gneisenau". ka tama'i te pū, rite ki te whakapumautia "Dunkirk". Ano, te āhuatanga ārai me te ino o te kaipuke Tiamana tika whakamatauria ki te kanohi i runga i te topatahi oko French tūmanakohia o tenei momo. 283-mm pū faito whakatinana te "Deutschland". Ratou whānuitanga o te ahi me te firepower mo tona ërä i nui. angitu o patu hou e kore i taea e meinga whakaaetanga i roto i Berlin.

Hoki te mana ahi o te kaipuke "Gneisenau" riro te huinga o mea, i kï kua runga i te momo o "Bismarck" tama'ii me "hipper" fakasio momo. Artogon whakaritea i pou kei roto i taumaihi kaiwhakahaere. tukua ratou nga whātata whakamahia e nga rangatira kawenga mo te shooting, me Carriers. Keokeonga ähuareka e te wira.

I te pou, ko te taputapu tino hou o te wa. Hei tauira,, e mau ana, tango i te tere whakaritea ballistic rorohiko huringa i roto i te tawhiti ki te ūnga me tae noa ki pūkete te rangi. tātaitanga Matatini whakamana i roto i te poraka ki mea motuhake. pūnaha mana ahi puhipuhi whakaritea nga pourewa toru. I te wa ano i taea e te ahi ratou i runga i te maha o ngā whāinga (ranei arotahi ki runga i tetahi, me te taua).

kariri

I te "Gneisenau" Tiamana whakamahia e rave rahi ngā momo o anga. Tuatahi, patu-hohonu. Ratou whakamahi ki ngā taumata pai-tiaki. i ratou i te wiki raro me te tiaki iti taikaha. Tuarua, ko reira anga polubroneboynye. E ai ki te whakarōpū Ingarangi, kei te hoki maha huaina ratou "Common". ka ratou he iti ake taikaha me te whai i te pānga wehewehenga nui. I whakamahia ratou ki ngā whāinga ki te patu kihai matotoru rawa.

I te pae hopea, tuatoru, "Gneisenau" he anga nui-taikaha. i ratou wiki matenga, me te whakamahia ki ngā whāinga unarmored (kaipahua, pū anti-rererangi, e kimikimi haere, hōpuni wateatanga me te pera i runga i. D.). kihai i enei ture o te anga te huri i roto i te German Navy i roto i te whawhai. Polubroneboynye me anga taikaha i te tere tīmata o 900 mita ia te rua, me te rerekē taimaha o raro (paunatia ki etahi i runga i te 100 kg). i whakatupato ratou ki te puku waipēhi motuhake.

anga Tuatahi whangai e grippers me huapae iri. Na, ka e ratou nga tepu mowhiti takai ki te ara. rerekē utu Basic karekau parahi. Hoki transportation o ngarahu motuhake i whakaratohia. anga Tuarua whangai ā. ngā kariri Vehicle o 1800 utu (1350 matua me te iti 450).

ahua

Te nuinga "Gneisenau" rite tona teina māhanga "Scharnhorst". Otiia i reira te tahi mau rerekētanga waho i waenganui ia ratou. i tū punga rerekē, pū mīhini anti-rererangi, me te te mainmast. I muri i hanga o te "Gneisenau" pania i roto i te tae hina marama. Ko te pāti kite anake nga koti o ringa whakaaturia i tetahi taha o te kakau.

I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1940, i runga i te take, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hoatu i te tapawhā whero ki te swastika pango. I meatia tenei ki te tāutu i te rangi. Ko te raruraru e ko te Luftwaffe kotahi anake kotahi marama o hape totohu rua kaiwhakamate Tiamana. I roto i te hinga o 1940 i roto i te mau tamataraa pou-hanga i roto i te Baltic Moana "Gneisenau" ko whakaahua kē tae.

displacement

I roto i te akoranga o ako hoahoa, ka reira mārama e kore e nga kaihoahoa e taea ki te whakatau i te displacement o 26,000 taranata. I te tīmatanga i riro te reira e e ū ai ki enei whika, "Gneisenau". Tama'i, Heoi, ka haere mai nui atu e i roto i 1936 mārama whakakitea mana taimaha. I te hanga kaipuke, whakatangi te whakaoho. Mataotao i reira he wehi e ka iti iho te kaipuke i te he kainga, me tona heke seaworthiness. I tua atu, takoha ki te whai ki te whakaiti i te tiketike o te freeboard. Hoahoa Kua whāiti tenei nekeneke te whānuitanga o te pūmautanga.

Ko te raruraru o nui haere displacement kitea i te wa i te mea kua heke noa rawa ki te huri i te āhuatanga taketake o te "Gneisenau". Tama'i, ko tona hoahoa ko te kokonga o te kaupapa katoa ora e te whakanui ake i te whanui o te tinana. Ka rite ki te hua, nui haere te displacement ki 33 mano taranata.

tipu Power

Kua meinga maha tautohe he constructors mana tipu. Ko te tuhaa tino tautohetia o te kaupapa katoa "Gneisenau". Tama'i, te āhuatanga o i taa ê tau tuatahi tuatahi i mahi i te tamataraa, me te hapa. Ki te kore e tetahi katoa o te hunga haepapa i hiahia ki ano, a ano ki te pōturi iho te hanga o te oko.

I te wāhanga tuatahi o te hoahoa rite te wae mana tipu turbozubchatye whiriwhiri. Ki te to ratou awhina, whakaritea ki te patua e rua manu ki te kohatu kotahi: ki te whakarite tere tiketike o te oko, me te whakatere i te wā o tona tuku. mahi te kōwae i runga i te tokorua. O te diesel i whakarerea, mai hoki i te taua kaipuke nui, a ko te kore te pūkaha o tenei momo. I hanga whiriwhiri meá e Admiral Erich Raeder. ka mohio ia e ka nui raro atu i ka whakamahi i diesel te dalnohodnost kaipuke. Heoi, kihai i te Navy whai wa ki te tatari mo tona whanaketanga me te production.

whare

i Housing tama'i he hoahoa roa. Kei te hanga te reira o te maitai. I whakaritea e te reira ki te whakamahi i alloys marama - na te whakahaere ki te whakaiti i te taimaha. Ko kaimono te takere matua o te kaipuke. I wehea te tinana katoa ki 21 wehenga. 7 o ratou mahi e i roto i te mana whakato.

Ko reira whakairo e i roto i te hanga o te nui kaipuke pewa kakano ia mo te wa tuatahi i runga i ia wāhanga o te hanga i whakamahia ïa i roto i te take o te "Gneisenau". Tama'i, te whākinga o e hoahoa ko te tohu whakairo o te wā, ko te reira i te pai i roto i to ratou āhuatanga kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tikanga ahumahi.

whare maitai paiherea ki te whakakapi whare. Ki tenei tikanga ahumahi hou i reira taratara. Ko tōna hua maha tōnounoú āhuatanga o i "nganatanga i tuhituhi." I roto i te Pipiri 1940, te "Gneisenau" riro kino, i whakakitea e ka whai maha ngaio ki te akina tona upoko ki runga i te āhua o ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mekameka. rerekē ratou whakaraerae ki te poma me te tōkiri täia. Na, ahakoa, te whakamahi o te fehokotaki'anga i te ahunga whakamua nui, whakaturia te ahunga o te whanaketanga o te ahumahi katoa.

Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga tino nui o nga takere tama'i i papa nasal, ngā te tiango iti. I te wa ano i noho punga tuku iho. i tū ratou i roto i Clusaz - tetahi i te taha ki katea, e rua i runga i te maui. Ina whakaritea ki ngā tauira ke, i iti freeboard, engari i roto i te akoranga o te otinga, me te redrawing o te kaupapa ka reira noa iti. I te tahi taime arahina te āhuatanga hoahoa ki te meka e te moana i hanga e rehu kaha, no te mea o nei i ki te mahi anake te oko i te pourewa conning.

Te ihu me te wahi o te poari

Ko te rongonui tama'i "Gneisenau", he whakaahua o e puta ōrite maha i roto i ngā pūrongo o te maramarama hoariri me nūpepa Tiamana, kua oti e rave rahi whakarerekētanga ki ona "mata" - te kopere. I muri i te whawhai ki te "Rawalpindi" Kua nekehia atu i runga i te poari i te punga. pūrere pupuri tāuta i te tihi o te kakau.

hanga i tetahi atu raruraru i roto i te mahi kua whakatikatika i roto i te hanga o te "Gneisenau" i roto i te Hakihea 1940. Tama'i, nei matua Kharkteristika awhinatia ia i roto i te whawhai, hei memeha i roto i te tupuhi. I roto i te Hakihea 1940, he tupuhi i roto i te Moana Te Tai Tokerau meinga kino nui ki te kaipuke. I muri i taua, i whakapakaritia "Gneisenau" wāhanga foredeck me breakwaters. Characteristically, puta nga innovations i roto i te mahi i muri i tonu ka whakatika nga raruraru i muri. Ko tētahi atu otinga hoahoa e kore e tino whakaoti i te raruraru o papanga "sputum", Heoi, heke tona whānuitanga ki te rohe e manakohia.

He ko tetahi koha rongonui, e pā te tama'ii "Scharnhorst", "Gneisenau". Enei kaipuke e rua o te momo kotahi taa ê faura'o iti. Ko te otinga i taea e te hua i roto i te tiketike o te heitiki. Heoi, e he whakarerekē taua fakanatula arahi ki te hua i roto i te taimaha o te patu, i he ano hoki koretake. Tiamana puta noa te mahi o kaipuke e rua no ki tenei matawaenga taua - i patu whakahere ratou seaworthiness.

patu

Na roto i te iho, e nohoia ana te manuao Tiamana nui katoa whawhai taimaha. Ko ahau kahore okotahi me "Gneisenau". Tama'i, te whākinga o e ko te tauira o te oko pai-tiaki, i tohaina i roto i te ara motuhake te patu poutū me te whakapae. Ua tauturu ratou ia atu ki te tiaki i te tama'i i te kino ki nga wahi faufaa o te tinana. Ki te patua te pere te poari, kua hiahiatia reira ki te whakatau bronepalubu whakarei.

E rave rahi o te rongoā e whakamahia ana i roto i te kaupapa, kua tamata mo te wa tuatahi. ano fakamamafa'i tēnei āhuatanga pēhea te auaha, me te ahurei ko te "Gneisenau" (tama'i). hoatu te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i te kaihoahoa Tiamana he taonga o wheako. Tangohia o te mahi i roto i nga tau o te Weimar Republic, ki kaha whakahoutia, ka mau ake e ratou o ratou mahi i roto i te hanganga o te kaipuke o te Tuatoru Reich.

pūmautanga

Ko te parau tumu o te wehenga o te kaipuke ki compartments whakapumautia ia i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Ia kua hoki kua whakamahia i roto i te hoahoa o "Gneisenau". Tama'i, cruiser me tetahi atu kaipuke i etahi uara anake noa te kau o te totohutanga. Na reira, ko te raruraru o te pūmautanga me te pupuri i te kaipuke mānu te tu tonu i roto i te mua o tohunga Tiamana i runga i tetahi o nga wahi tuatahi.

hangaia Construction "Gneisenau" i kia e taea e te waipuke o rua compartments pātata meinga waipuke o te rahoraho. Kua whakatinanahia kaituhi o te kaupapa e rave rahi whakaaro nui, me te mahi. Ko te kupu, compartments katoa, motu ke i te kuiti me te kei i te matamata, i wehea ki te maha ngā wāhi kaimono.

Ina whakaritea ki ona matua, a ngā te "Scharnhorst" me "Gneisenau" he maha nui nui o te hake me bulkheads ahopou. ka anga ratou ki te whakamahi i tetahi atu DREADNOUGHT. Ko te whakawhetai ki enei wahi ara i roto i nga whawhai mai- whakahaere ki te pupuri i toa kaimono, me te engine- me kōhua ruma reira. Ko te kupu, tino whakaiti te mōrea o te heeling kino.