Haurongo poto me mahi o Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha

I roto i te uiuiraa ki Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn uru ia e oti rawa tona ora i ki te Russian Revolution. E i te kaituhi roto i te ngakau te pūrākau "Te Circle Tuatahi"? History National pupuri te tahuri fakamamahi kai i roto i te huna. A faaite papu ki a ratou whakaaro te kaituhi reira tona hopoi'a. Solzhenitsyn - he takoha nui ki te ako o te hītori o te rautau XX.

tāhuhu tangata

whanau Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich i roto i 1918 i roto i Kislovodsk. rave ia i roto i ngā mahi tuhituhi ki taitamarikitanga. I mua i te pakanga ko hiahia runga ake te aamu katoa o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao ia. Ko te kaupapa, te kaituhi i mua nei, dissident me ngā pāpori whakatapua mahi tuhituhi tuatahi tona.

ara auaha, me te ahurei o te ora Solzhenitsyn. Hoko he kaiwhakaatu me kaiuru o ngā hītori nui - oaoa mo te kaituhi, engari he ati nui mo te tangata.

Ko te pakarutanga o te pakanga Solzhenitsyn tutaki i Moscow. Here ako ia i reta i te Institute o History, Philosophy ko Literature. Muri ia ko te University Rostov. Mua - a Āpiha kura, tūhuratanga me te hopu. I roto i te mutunga o nga nineties i roto i te moheni tuhituhi "New World" i whakaputaina mahi o Solzhenitsyn, i nei te kaituhi kitea tona wheako hōia. A ia ia i nui.

He āpiha puhipuhi, haere te kaituhi heke mai kua i Eagle ki Te Tai Rāwhiti Prussia. reira tau i muri mai ngā taua wā hua i whakatapua "whakataunga Zhelyabugskie", "Adliga Shvenkitten". Ko ia i roto i te wahi tino wahi tū i mua Army General Samsonov. Events i roto i 1914 Solzhenitsyn whakatapua tona pukapuka "Te Whero Wheel."

hopukina Kāpene Ball Solzhenitsyn i roto i 1945. He aha i aru i maha nga tau i roto i te whare herehere, puni, hononga. I muri i whakanohonoho i roto i 1957, ia te kaiako i roto i te kura kainga, e tata ana Ryazan. tukua ruma Solzhenitsyn i te noho rohe - Matrona Zakharovna, i muri mai ka te tauira o te huru matua "Matryona" kōrero.

Te kaituhi o te raro

I roto i ana haukiri, uru "Oak me nga Kuao" Solzhenitsyn e te aroaro o tona hopu, ahakoa i unu ia ki tuhinga, engari kaua pohehe. I roto i te mau taime o te rangimarie, i roto i te haere noa, i inoino ia e te meka e hoki ngā kōrero ki te kitea kaupapa hou ngāwari. He aha e Solzhenitsyn, ki te ia i te kore whakatokia?

Kaupapa mō te kōrero, novellas me pukapuka whanau i runga i Tuhinga, i roto i pa, i roto i ngā pūtau whare herehere. Ehara i te taea ki te tuhituhi ki raro tou whakaaro i runga i te pepa, hanga ana e ia vahe katoa o nga pakimaero "Te Kemi tinomoutere" a "Te Circle Tuatahi" i roto i te hinengaro, me ka tamau ratou i te ngakau.

I muri i tona tuku, tonu Aleksandr Isaevich ki te tuhituhi. Tāngia ona mahi i roto i te rima tekau whakaaro he moe taea. Otiia e kore ia mutu tuhituhi, whakapono e kore e kia haere tona mahi e nui, kōrero me pūrākau tai'o noa uri.

Hei whakaputa i nga mahi tuatahi i tana anake i roto i te tau 1963 i taea e ki Solzhenitsyn. Pukapuka, kua puta pukapuka rite wehe te nui i muri. I roto i tona kāinga taea te tā i te kōrero i roto i te "New World." Otiia ko reira te oaoa maere.

mate

Ki te ako i tuhituhia me te ka tahu - he tikanga e mahi mo te haumaru o ratou Solzhenitsyn whakamahia neke atu i te kotahi. Otiia ka i roto i ngā tākuta whakarau korerotia ia e e ora ratou i te wiki torutoru, i wehi runga ake katoa o te mea i hanga e ia e kore e kite i te kaipānui ia. kahore tetahi ki te whakaora i Solzhenitsyn. Hoa - i roto i te puni. mate Mother. Wife i roto i te absentia i whakarerea ia, ka marenatia ki tetahi atu tangata. tahuri Solzhenitsyn te tuhinga, e whakahaere ki te tuhituhi, na hoatu ana ratou e i roto i te pounamu o te piari, tenei pounamu tanumia i roto i te kari. Na haere ana ahau ki Tashkent ki mate ...

Heoi, ora ia. I roto i te whakaora tātaritanga nui au ra te tohu i runga ake. I roto i te puna o 1954, i tuhituhi Solzhenitsyn, "Reipa o te Republic" - te mahi tuatahi, ki te hanga koe i te kaituhi i mohiotia nei operatives oaoa e kore whakangaro i te wahi o te irava, a kia taea ki te pānui i to koutou ake mahi katoa.

"Ko e Circle Tuatahi"

I roto i te pūrākau raro tuhituhi e pā ana ki sharashka i tuhituhia ai. Ko te Momo o te pūāhua matua o te pūrākau "te Circle Tuatahi" ka te kaituhi me ana hoa. Ko, ahakoa whakatūpatotanga katoa, me te te fafauraa ki te whakaputa i te mahi i roto i te putanga marama, i reira he faingamālie ki te pānui i anake te KGB. I roto i Russia, whakaputaina te pūrākau "Te Circle Tuatahi," i roto i te tau 1990 i te tau. I roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru - ki te rua tekau-rua nga tau i mua.

"Ivana Denisovicha tetahi ra"

Puni - he ao motuhake. kahore ki te mahi ki te tetahi i roto i nei iwi free noho reira. I roto i te puni, ia i roto i to ratou ake oranga, me te mate. I roto i te mahi whakaputaina tuatahi o Solzhenitsyn whakaatu ana ra kotahi i roto i te ora o te hero. Mō mohio te ora puni o te kaituhi roa. Ko te aha kia haaputapū te kaipānui he talena taratara, me te pono, i te mea reira i roto i te aamu, e tuhituhi Solzhenitsyn.

Pukapuka o tenei kaituhi na'u i roto i te hapori ao, matua hoki o te tika. Solzhenitsyn whakapono e ngohe taranata o te kaituhituhi, a ka tino mate ki te rapu ia ki te circumvent te pono i roto i tona mahi. A pera, he roa te wa i roto i te wehe tuhituhi tino, me te kore te taea ki te whakaputa i nga hua o ona tau maha o te mahi, e kore ko ia hae o te angitu o te māngai o te talena hapori pera-ka karanga. peia Writers Union paopao Tsvetaeva, Akhmatova ko Pasternak. kihai i Bulgakov tangohia. I roto i tenei ao o te taranata, me te mea i reira i, ka hohoro mate.

hītori tānga

Waitohu te tuhinga, ka tono tangata ki te ētita o "Ao New", tona ingoa Solzhenitsyn kihai i maia. Te ti'aturi nei ahau e "Ivana Denisovicha tetahi ra" kite i te marama, tata kore i. Roa kua haere marama hoha mai tonoa e momeniti rite tetahi o nga hoa o te kaituhi e rave rahi pepa, tuhituhia i roto i te ringaringa iti o te kaimahi matua o te whare whakaputa tuhituhi te whenua o, ka ohorere haere mai te aniraa i Twardowski.

Ko te kaituhi o "Vasiliya Terkina" me wahi-wa rangatira ētita o "te Ao New," te tuhinga o te kaituhi unknown tai'o i roto i Anna Berzer. He kaimahi o te whare whakaputa te whakaaro tai'o Tvardovsky te kōrero, e mea ana i te parau e riro whakatakotoria :. "Ko e pā ana ki te ora i roto i te puni, i roto i nga kanohi o te kaiahuwhenua ohie" Te rohi pehe rahi Soviet, kaituhi o nga rotarota hōia-tāmau whenua i haere mai i te utuafare kaiahuwhenua ohie. A no te mea i roto i te mea te kōrero mahi i runga i mo o te "tangata noa," ko reira rawa ngā.

"I te tinomoutere he Kemi"

He pūrākau e pā ana ki te tangata o puni a Stalin, Solzhenitsyn hanga neke atu i te tekau tau. Hoki te wā tuatahi whakaputaina te mahi i roto i France. I 1969, i oti "te he Kemi tinomoutere". Heoi, ki te whakaputa i roto i te taua mahi Soviet Union i uaua e kore anake engari meá ano hoki. Ko tētahi o nga kaiāwhina o te kaituhi, i nene'i te rōrahi tuatahi o te mahi, ka he patunga o te whakatoi o te KGB. Ka rite ki te hua a te hopu me te uiui o te rima-ra he wahine-mutu kore kaumātua i whakaaturia e ia ki a Solzhenitsyn. Na ka tukua whakamomori.

I muri i enei ngā, i te kaituhi kahore feaa e pā ana ki te hiahia ki te tā "tinomoutere" ki waho.

tāwāhi

I peia Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich i te Soviet Union i te marama torutoru i muri i te tukunga o te pūrākau "Te Kemi tinomoutere." I whakawakia te kaituhi o te he i. hipokina whānui te pāpāho Soviet te āhua o te hara whakapae mahia Solzhenitsyn. I roto i ngā, whakawakia te "tinomoutere" kaituhi o tauturu Vlasov i roto i te whawhai. Otira kahore mea i pā ana ki te ihirangi o te pukapuka autaia.

Tae noa nga ra whakamutunga o tana ora, kihai Solzhenitsyn i mutu ana mahi tuhituhi me te pāpori. I roto i te uiuiraa ki hautaka ke, i roto i te tīmatanga o nga eighties, faaite kaituhi Russian whakawhirinaki e e taea ki te hoki mai te kāinga ia. Na ka whakaaro reira ana ekore e.

hoki

I roto i te 1990, ka hoki Solzhenitsyn. I roto i Russia, kua oti te tuhituhi e ia maha tuhinga i runga i ngā take tōrangapū, me te pāpori o nāianei. He wahi nui o nga utu e rārangi kaituhi i roto i te tautoko o te herehere, me o ratou hapu. Ko tētahi o utu - i roto i te manakohia o te Chernobyl patunga NPP. Ko Me kï reira e o te Order o St. Andrey Pervozvannogo kaituhi tonu kihai, ūkuia tona hiahia ki te tango i mahi ki te tohu o te mana nui rawa, kua kawea mai nei e te motu ki tona ahua pouri reira.

Solzhenitsyn - he tokoni mahu'inga ki tuhinga Russian. I roto i ngā wā Soviet, i whakaaro ia he dissident me te iwi hoki. kihai i Solzhenitsyn whakaae ki tenei tirohanga, tautohetohe e ia - kaituhi Russian nei ki runga ake i te katoa i aroha ratou whenua tupu.