He aha te mea haukura? Āhuatanga matū, ōkiko o haukura, te whakamahi o

I roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te taka pūmotu matū roaa ngā rōpū āhuatanga pērā i hau e mangere. Ko ētahi o ēnei hauhauhā, haukura, haumāmā me etahi atu matū. He aha te mea haukura, me te wahi i roto i te ao nei i teie mahana, Kei te whānui whakamahia tenei hau?

History o te kitea o te haukura

i kore tonu tonu te tepu a Mendeleev ki ngā āhuatanga matū katoa, na i roto i te tahi mau rōpū me wā noho āputa. Hei tauira, kua tohu Utaina te kitea o matū hou, rite tupu ki haukura. Ko te pūtaiao tuatahi ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te oraraa o te haukura, ko te kēmihi Ramsay, Rayleigh. I taua wa i whakatuwheratia e rua hau e mangere tata hauhauhā me haumāmā, engari he takawaenga pūtau kau i roto i te tepu. fokotu'u Scientific e ka whai mema hou te papatipu ngota o 20 me te mātotoru Heoi o 10 hauwai aha haukura i āhua kahore, i mohiotia.

Me pēhea te i taea e ki te tohatoha haukura, me te whakamatau i tona oraraa Ramsay? I roto i tona whakamātau, whakamahia matou hau auau, e i mua i liquefied me ka mimiti āta. Whiwhi kupu, i ako hautanga haurehu waihā i roto i te ngongo rere, hanga reira taea ki te kite i te rārangi o te hihinga o matū. Te taha enei raina ka kitea he āhuatanga hou.

I roto i te ao te ono o te huānga tino noa he haukura. whakamaoritia te tikanga o te Kariki ko rite "hou". I te tīmatanga, fokotu'u te tama a Ramzaya Villi whakaingoa i te huānga hou hou, hoki nei te tikanga "hou", engari faaoti te papa ki te paku huri tenei kupu i roto i te haukura, e, i roto i tona whakaaro, ka whakatangi te pai.

āhuatanga haukura

Ko tenei hau e mangere i roto i te ripanga pūmotu i waenganui i hauhauhā me haumāmā, e homai ana e ia ngā āhuatanga o ēnei matū takawaenga. E rua taumata pūngao, e e 2 me 8 irahiko haukura. Tenei āhuatanga tika pānga te tauhohenga o te hau, mai e kore te reira te hanga pūhui ki ētahi atu āhuatanga.

He aha te haukura i te hi'oraa o te matū? Tenei hau marama, e liquefies i te pāmahana o -245,98 ° C, me te ko te here kohua i a tawhio noa 2,6 ° C. He iti rawa te memehatanga o te hau i roto i te wai, Heoi adsorption haukura i runga i waro whakahohe taea motuhake hau ma i ona poke.

He aha te haukura i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te ahupūngao? Kei te wehea tenei hau, i te mea i raro i te mana o te nāianei ki hihinga kanapa whero me te karaka. marama Haukura e tuku hoki reira i te taua wa rawa kanapa, me te pūmau. Ko te ahupūngao o tenei tītohunga takoto i roto i te kupu te ahotea i runga i nga irahiko o ngā ngota haukura, e ai te whakamutunga ki te tohatoha pūaho o te marama.

Kei hea he haukura

I roto i te ao tu i runga i te 6 haukura nuinga teitei i muri haumāmā, hauwai, me te maha o te tahi atu huānga. Tenei hau e mangere he āhua nui o whetu whero me aorangi. A, no te mea kua fokotu'u ako pluto e ngā tona huru katoa o haukura, a i roto i te papa o raro, liquefied tenei hau e tika ana ki iti pāmahana tino i runga i tenei ao.

Ko te whenua, te haukura te nuinga i roto i te kōhauhau (0.00182%) me te iti rawa i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua. Kei te whakapono te reira e ki te ngoikore o hau e mangere kōrero ki ētahi atu āhuatanga, me te puka kohuke ko take taketake mō enei matū i roto i te ao i roto i rahinga iti.

Ko te whakamahi o te haukura

Na te tino nui haere te hanga tono mo te haukura, e te tikanga tona kaimahi tamau. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te wehenga o te hau parakore e mangere e te rota o te wā, ka ko te tino iti tona ihirangi i roto i te rangi tenei.

whakamahia Haukura te i roto i te ahumahi rite te refrigerant i roto i engineering cryogenic. I pāmahana o te wai propellant haukura penapena, kararehe tio me te huawhenua kopa matū. Ko te tioata haukura he tikanga tino pai mo te takanga o te tauhohe rawa matatini, e kore nei e taea te aro ki te mahi o te wera (Synthesis o H2O2, fluorides hāora, me ētahi atu).

I roto i te tahi mau rama, me te rama turanga whakamahi hoki haukura. He nui rawa te uara o tenei hau rite te puna o te marama, no te mea Ka taea te kite i tona tīrama i tawhiti nui. rama Haukura e whakamahia ki te whakaturia te rama, takai rererangi, pourewa tiketike-ara. E kitea e rama haukura ētahi pānuitanga e hāngai ana kuputuhi-.

I roto i te taua luminaires kore he haukura i te puka parakore. konatunatua tonu ia i roto i te hanganga tika, me te hauhauā, e homai tae karaka marama. Heoi, e kore e tenei waimaero te āhuatanga o aritanga pai, kia rite ki enei rama kitea i raro i ngā āhuatanga huarere kino katoa a i tawhiti nui.