He aha te takere o te waka rererangi? He pūrere haaati, huānga hanganga

Ko te takere o te waka rererangi pāhihi hono nga parirau, hiku, me te i roto i ētahi wā i te tahuhu. Ko te tikanga mo te taputapu, waka me te utanga. Papa, kahore he takere huaina te parirau rere. I roto i tona wehenga thickened he katoa i he i roto i te tinana waka tikanga. A feruri i atu taipitopito aha takere o te waka rererangi. Ka hoki te aroaro Photos o tenei wae i roto i te tuhinga.

whakaritenga whānui

Whakamārama i roto i nga kupu e rua, he aha te takere rererangi, ka taea e tatou te mea e tenei rūnanga. Hoki tenei wae o te rererangi ki te whakatau i te raupapa o ngā whakaritenga:

1. whakamahi kouma o te rōrahi ā-.
2. tō Mōkito.
3. Whakarite arotake tika o te pailati me te wāhi noho kaumoana.
4. Pono Teplozvukoizolyatsiya me tightness.
5. Whakangāwari o unloading / te utanga o.
6. ventilation Totonu, rama, me te whakawera.

puka-waho

Aircraft takere tinana āhuahanga axisymmetric whakaratohia ki te maheni kiore ki te mua, me ngā wāhanga aft. I roto i taua puka, ngā wāhi iti mō te rahi i homai mata. Nä, ko te papatipu heke o te whakakikorua, heke te parenga. homai taimaha iti etahi painga ka whai wāhi ki te pēhanga i te taikaha i roto i te kapa hiri. Heoi, hoki he tokomaha o take, e kore e faaturahia tenei puka pai. Whakapati ofati takiwa, i roto i ngā, taua āhuatanga o te takere rererangi rite rama fare, hihiani pūihi. Tenei i roto i te tahuri tika ana ki te nui haere resistance me te nui haere taimaha. puta ana te taua pānga i roto i te taui i te rerengia puka i roto i te wāhanga hiawero. I roto i tenei take, ngā te koki tilting e whakanui ake shortening o te rōnaki me te pao utanga ranei.

kawenga

Whakamārama he aha te takere (pikitia aroaro i roto i te tuhinga, whakaatu ona āhuatanga), me mea te reira e pā ana ki te pānga e te faaruru ia. I roto i te taunga, me i rere hoki tenei wae e:

1. Ko te ope tuku i wāhanga tūhono. Ēnei i roto i ngā ngā parirau, taunga taputapu, Huruhuru Manu, powerplant me pera atu.
2. taputapu pānga inertial papatipu, wae utanga e te hunga tika i roto i reira.
3. ope aerodynamic, e kua tohaina puta noa i te mata.
4. pānga Inertial o ona ake taimaha. He ano hanganga rererangi takere.
5. Ko te ope o te pēhanga nui i roto i nga compartments o te taputapu, he fale pressurized.

He tino taurite kawenga katoa tohua. Whakaaro e te takere taua i roto i rehe hanganga, ka taea e te tuku koe i te reira i roto i te puka o te girder pouaka. I roto i tetahi wāhanga o reira pānga nga ope whakapae, me te poutū, taipana. tāpiri nga compartments pressurized ki a ratou pēhanga ā nui.

kōwae rationality

whakaaro te tino arotau te ki kia taua te kaupapa rererangi takere i roto i nei e taea ki te tango i nga kawenga katoa tohua i runga ake hoki kawenga feunga iti ia. Kei te whakaritea anga angiangi-taiepa i roto i tenei take ki te hanganga anga. whakaratohia rationality Full te whakamahi i whakakikorua. I te wāhi i reira te takere o te waka rererangi, i reira he ope rohe aerodynamic, ā- overpressure, te tapeke kaha mahi. He anga angiangi-taiepa, tautoko anga roto maximally i makona nga whakaritenga o te tahora haratau whakarato tukanga tapatahi, mahi. Kei te tuku te pūrere pēnei ki rite te takere te parauraa. whakamahia i mua wae wharikitia. Ratou tino ngaro te parauraa i tona taimaha. He aha te takere wharikitia-momo o te waka rererangi? Sheathing i roto i tenei take e tino waho reira i te mahi kaha. E te reira anake te kawenga aerodynamic rohe. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mea te takere rererangi i roto i tenei take, e taea te tautuhi i te reira hei kōwae atu, e faarahi te tapeke taimaha o te kōwae. Space wharikitia tino fakafaingata'a'ia'i te tahora o te utanga. Huakore o tenei kōwae hua i roto i te meka e kore ratou e whakamahia i roto i te rererangi hou. kia whakamahia ratou anake hoki iti-tere apparatuses marama o rererangi iti.

whakarōpū

E toru ngā momo o te rererangi takere:

1. Koture.
2. Spar.
3. Stringer.

Ko te rua whakamutunga rerekē i ia atu i roto i te āhua me te wāhanga ripeka tapawha. Wä roa whakaturia i roto i te wahi i reira ngā te takere o te waka rererangi o stringers me longerons. Encasing kōwae i roto i te wāhanga ripeka ngā papa. whakarato rātou i te tiaki āhua tomu'a i roto i te whiuwhiu deformations me whakawhiti i te kawenga hāngai, ka tohaina. I roto i te wahi i reira te takere rererangi, i reira he wāhi i roto i e taea e te kukū nui o ope. Kia kore ai deformation i roto i te whakatakotoria papa whakapakaritia enei take. Kei te kitea te uhi rawa nga kōwae kurupae o te pānga o tetahi aronga. I roto i te reira i reira he rere he pātapa mama. Tei ratou tohatoha i runga i te aronga o te pānga waho, me te āhua ripeka-motu o te kōwae. Sheathing tino whakaae taipana. I roto i tenei take, tohaina te rere tangential te whakanoho iho ki runga i te paenga. Te anga kupu, te tikanga he aratau odnozamknuty i roto i te wāhanga ripeka. I roto i ngā wāhi kei reira e kongokonga i te anga, tāuta mana Naawai. whakarato rātou i roto i ēnei wāhanga te whakawhitinga o nga tautooraa katoa.

Stringers me longerons

Ko te wāhanga roa o te takere rererangi e te tikanga i runga i tona roa katoa. Fakataha ki te kiri tango ratou i te kaha puninga noa. Manufacturing o stringers me rākau noa kawea i roto i, rite ki te tikanga, i ngā kōtaha piko extruded ranei ki rerekē-wāhanga ripeka. āhuatanga ahopou i te pakeke nui. I pikaunga tiketike, i roto i ētahi wā, ka taea te tāuta rākau hiato. ngā ratou e rave rahi ngā wāhanga hono ki tahi i te tahi. A, no te niao motu kurupae nui whakamahia - āhuatanga ahopou o pouaka-wāhanga. E hanga ana ratou o wāhanga extruded, e kōrero ki ia atu, me nga taiepa o whakakikorua.

piko e

Ka taea te whakapakaritia ratou tikanga ranei. whakarite Tata te haumaru o te āhua ripeka-motu o te kōwae. E whakamahia papa taimaha-ohipa i roto i ngā wāhi o ngä nohanga nui o te ahotea i runga i te tinana. He kōpuku, hononga wae, whakatika utanga, taputapu nui, engines, me te pera i runga i ratou. whakatakotoria hoki whai i runga i nga Fakangatangatá o te tatau nui i roto i te rūnanga. papa tikanga i, rite ki te tikanga, he hanganga anga. E hanga ana ratou o te rau extruded ngāwari ranei. āhuatanga whakapakaritia mahi i roto i te puka o te anga hongere rino kati ahau-wāhanga ranei. mahi rere Tangential rite te tauhohe tautoko. tohatoha te anga te mana waho i runga i te paenga. Na mahi ia i runga i te piko. tautuhi te reira i ona wāhanga ripeka. Ko nukurau kotahi kapa ranei te hoahoa o te anga taua. I roto i ngā wāhi whakapakaritia tāutanga o pātaki te tino tuia ake taiepa bulkhead. Kei te tautokona te reira e te pūkete whakapae, me te poutū. kia hoki hei Sheathing o te anga te anga porohita. Ai e whakaritea nga mea timatanga ngā radially.

sheathing

Kei te hanga te reira o te pepa whakarewa. E hanga e ratou i runga i te mata kōtaha o te whare, me te tāhu. Hononga o ngā rau o te hake, me ngā wāhanga ahopou o te kōwae. Hoki encasing tinana whakamahia awhi rara nukurau. Aita i maoro a'e, te whakamahi rawa whānui o ngā rauemi hiato.

wāhanga pūhui

Ka taea te piri Sheathing ki te papa ranei stringers ranei e rua o te hunga, me ētahi atu. whakamahia te whakatinanatanga tuatahi i roto i te kōwae hipoki. A, no te āpiti anake ki te stringers whakamahia haru ai kaimono ahopou. Ko te ripeka-hononga kupu ngaro. Tenei whakapiki i nga āhuatanga aerodynamic o te kōwae. Otiia i roto i tenei take, ngaro kawenga iti ararewa tona pūmautanga. arata'i tenei ki te hua i roto i te taimaha hoahoa. Kia kore ai tenei, kei te maha e pā ana te anga ki te āpitihanga anga compensator - atu tāpiritanga.

hononga

A, no te e whakamana girder kaupapa takere tira rākau mā te kōpuku e e kei anake i te wahi ahopou. E huaina ēnei hononga ira. Whakaraupapahia pūhui whakamahia fuselages girder Stringer. Ko te hononga i huri noa te paenga o te anga ki kōwhiri kiri here me stringers whakarei. Kei te tikanga pūhui taua fuselages kawea i roto i na tikanga o karapiti. whakarato he hononga taua he hononga mana ki nga wahi o te aratau fetu◊utaki på.

wae ekeeke

kōpuku Hononga whakaturia i runga i nga papa whakapakaritia. mahi ratou i te mahi o te kōpae mārō. Kei te kawea reira Nā ki a ratou i roto i tohatoha faatumuhia kawenga ahopou. Me kōrero kōpuku Butt ki te rākau kaha. Ki te whakaiti i te taimaha o te hanganga takere he tika ki te whakaiti i te nui o papa whakapakaritia. I ia taua huānga kia tūnga e rave rahi ngā hahi āpitihanga.

parirau

Ka rite ki te āhuatanga motuhake o te whakatika enei wahi mahi ana whakataurite i te taime piko i te tahi o nga awhi parirau. E kia whakaaro te whärite kouma o te āhuatanga matau, ka mahue i runga i te pokapū, haere i roto i te takere. Hoki te momo o te tira rākau nui ki te mahue i te mau melo o te wä roa kōwae - no te mea ka waiho ratou whakataurite i te taiepa. Ki te hono tetahi-wahi me te pouaka parirau roto i te whare me haere katoa o te paewhiri mana. Ki te hoki etahi take e kore e taea te whakatinana i te haere i roto i te mea timatanga takere, me kia tutakina nga taime tuturi ra i runga i te matau me te maui i runga i nga papa kawenga-amo. Tenei otinga, Heoi, e taea te tono ki te tira rākau parirau, rite te maha o nga wahi i roto i a ratou he iti. Monoblock me wāhanga coffered rapu he maha nui o papa whakapakaritia. Ko reira tino uaua ki te mahi i runga i te hoahoa. I roto i te wā, pērā i he mea tika ki te whakamahi i te kaupapa tira rākau.

Kiel

Tona maunga titau te whakawhiti whakahauanga o te kau piko i runga i te takere. Hoki tenei whakaaro e hono mema takere wä roa ia ki te āpitihanga anga mana. Ki te taea, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tira tira rākau momo tohuwāhi i roto i rua ngā. E ratou he teitei o te anga. mema roa Pere-āhua kua he whati i roto i te rohe whakawhitinga ki a ia. E titau te reira tāutanga whakahauanga o ngā atu. Ka taea te pare te reira i roto i te take ki te mea ka te whakanohoia te anga obliquely ki te tuaka o te takere i ko te manureva he hokohoko atu o te taiepa o te tira rākau. Engari ka te iteraa o tenei kōwhiringa e haere tahi i te etahi fifi.

kongokonga

Ko te wahi pokapū o te takere rererangi ngā rua mō matapihi, tatau, pao, rama, puna wira. enei motu katoa ofati te katinga o te aratau kiri. Fakatatau ki ai, Kei te tino heke te pūmautanga me te kaha tinana. Hei utu mō te parekura i te takiwa o nga tatau haere te he niao mārō anga. Ki te taha iti o kongokonga ko reira he hanganga nukurau. Kei te hanga te reira i te rau i hanga e takahi te kore ranei. rua nui Okantovyvayut i nga pito o papa whakapakaritia. Ōna eke kurupae. I te wa ano e kore ratou e haere mai ki te mutunga i roto i te hikinga me tua atu i te papa whakapakaritia. Ka āta whakarite tēnei i te ripa mārō o te wahi wä roa. te taunga taputapu whakaritea ki nga rara whakapakaritia me rākau i roto i te wahi o raro o te tinana.

piha pressurized

A, no te rere i te teitei tiketike i roto i nei tonu te pēhanga nui te. Ki te whakarite taimaha iti ruma piri mahi ratou i roto i te puka o te poi te rango ki take porohita ranei. He mea tika ki te whakapakari i te anga, kei nei i i te komititanga o wāhanga. hiahiatia ana tēnei te no te mea e te reira rawa he kawenga nui shock. E kore e te tikiti fare pressurized ki te kawenga o te pēhanga faufaa amohia e piko deformations. Mahi te reira anake i roto i te mānukanuka. I roto i ētahi wā, ka mea pokepokea ai ki whakamuri. i roto i te tahuri arata'i tenei ki te hua i roto i te taimaha o te hanganga katoa. Ki te whakarite i te rigidity rōpū flat tika whakamahia ki piko. I raro i te mana o te overpressure, kua tautoko ratou e kurupae hake, me te roa (rara). Hei whakarei te rigidity o te pihanga kōrero kei roto i te puka o waihanga hanawiti. Me whakarite nga tihokahoka taatiraa pono o whakarawatia me haru ai hononga katoa. Hoki tenei whakaaro, he rīpene motuhake. Ka moe ki te sealant, mastic promazyvayut whakamaroke-kore, pani ki te pūhui motuhake, aru i te whakamaroke. I te huinga o nga papa paraharaha, anga e whakamahia hononga faahuri maha-rarangi i roto i ngā āpiti iti. Ngā āta tukatuka hermetic pao, matapihi, rama, tatau. whakaratohia taatiraa e te whakamahi o te tikanga motuhake taatiraa. E nehenehe te reira here rapa, rīpene, korere te hangatanga, gaskets.

mahi e hiahiatia ana

Ki te whakarite tautukunga ki nga whakaritenga e tono ki te takere rererangi, me te whakamana i etahi mahi. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

1. Ka tino pai te whiriwhiri o ngā uara tawhā taua me te puka casing waho i roto i nei e rou kia heke ki te iti, me te rōrahi whai hua aua,.
2. Mā te whakamahi i te takere toronga. Nā ki a ratou hanga i te nui ara. hanga tenei reira taea ki te whakaiti i te taimaha me te rohe o te parirau.
3. whakamahi kouma o te rōrahi whai hua. tutuki tēnei mā te whakanui ake i te kiato tahora, whakanohonga kiato o te kawenga i roto i te pokapū o te papatipu. I roto i tenei take e whakaiti i te papatipu taime o tūpuku , ka whakapai ake ngā āhuatanga huri mai. Whāiti te whānuitanga o te rerekētanga o te pokapū o te mahara, ka wahie burnup, taatou rerekē o te utanga o whakarato pūmautanga nui me te pai whāwhā.
4. Tīaroaro arahiko takere te mana me ngā waeine piri taua. I roto i tenei take me kia whakatika kē, me te whakataurite i pikaunga tuku o te mau melo o te kaha o te parirau, ka ū taputapu, wae empennage ki te whare.
5. Whakarato ahau / e haratau o te waka, ngā pāhihi, berthing, uta / unloading o taonga, taputapu, tūemi te tikanga mo te transportation.
6. Te whakarato huarahi watea ki ngā wae. Ko te tika tenei matua mo te tirohanga me te hanga.

kia hanga hoki te waka, me ngā pāhihi o nga tikanga e tika ana, me te he taumata tika o te whakamarie i roto i te rere i altitudes teitei. Titauraa ko ki te whakarite i te tangi, me te wera mātao o ruma, ko reira haumaru, me te tere putanga whawhati tata i te piha. hoki kia hanga tikanga whakamarie Crew. I roto i ngā, ka he tirohanga pai o te kaiurungi kia whakaratohia, noho noa o te rere, me te whakahaere rererangi.