Ko te Hainamana Party Communist: te rā turanga, te feia faatere, whāinga

Ko te nui rawa whakahaere tōrangapū i roto i te ao, i te faatere i te whenua, i whakaturia i roto i 1921 i muri i te hinga o te Kuomintang (Party Chinese National People o) me te mutunga o te Civil War Hainamana. Ko te CCP - te Chinese Communist Party. taea te whakaritea te Party Communist anake noa tona whakakorenga ki te maha o nga mema o CCP.

hanga

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, kua kite China te ara o te kaupapa pāhoro, wherahia ana nga whakaaro o Marxism-Leninism raro i te mana o te Comintern me te āhuatanga whānui i roto i Russia. Kua whakapataritari Creation o te Pāti Communist o Haina te Oketopa Revolution, i muri i nei te rōpū o pūkenga Hainamana, i whakaturia he whakahaere hou. Hoki te ia a ratou ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga ture. Kaiwhakatū me rangatira o te Pāti Communist o Haina i 1921 ki te tau 1927, ara whakaritea Chen dus te Congress tuatahi i roto i Shanghai i te raumati o 1921.

He tūranga nui i roto i te hanganga o te whakahaere, i te mea he porohita iti hohoro tahuri ki te ope tōrangapū nui, takaro te tuarua o ona rangatira - Li Lisan me kaiwhakahaere o te porowhita Marxist tuatahi Li Dazhao. I te Congress tuatahi o Haina, te wahi i te hōtaka kua unu ake Communist Party, whakaaturia ana e ia tona whāinga - tae noa ki te whare o te hapori i roto i China. Mai reira kua ngā reira waru Congresses, te whakamutunga o i tangohia e wahi i roto i Whiringa 2012.

Wā o History Party

Tuatahi, me te Kuomintang, i hanga te Hainamana Party Communist he haumi ki ngā rōpū militarist katoa - te mua kotahi tuatahi. Na, kotahi tekau nga tau i mua ki te 1937, whakataetae ia mo te mana mai te KMT. Otira ka tukua e China fakaaoao Japanese, i takoha te CCP ki houhanga rongo ki hoariri tōrangapū ki te whakatuwhera te rua te tahi o te mua uouangataha ki nga Japanese. Hei whakaoti i te wikitoria ki runga i fascism (Mahuru 1945), roa te whawhai.

I roto i te tau 1946, i tīmata ano te pakanga ki te Kuomintang tae noa ki 1949 riro nga āhuatanga o te pakanga kaiākiri. patua te Hainamana Communist Party te KMT, a ka haere mai te hua o tenei wikitoria ki te mana i roto i te whenua. I whakaturia Iwi Republic o Haina. Na ka whakarewahia Mao Zedong te Revolution Cultural. tinana pokapū katoa o te rōpū, ko reira te wa ki te whakariterite ano ngaro ranei. Tae noa 1956, i nuinga ki China. I muri i te matenga o Mao Den Syaopin āta titiro tata katoa nga whekau o te rōpū, me te kupu hoki ano ki te tinana kāwanatanga i raro i te mana o te rōpū.

mana

pü te CCP Tūtohinga te tino aratai teitei o te rōpū, i te mea te National Congress o te Pāti Communist o Haina huihui kotahi nga tau e rima. I tua atu, i reira e te tahi atu mana. Tenei Komiti Central, e rere te Politburo o rua tekau-rima iwi (i roto ia ratou e whitu - Permanent Komiti o te Komiti Central), i te tinana whakahaere matua o te General Hekeretari o te Komiti Central CPC i te matenga - Uepu o te Komiti Central CPC. Na rawa, te Central Military Komihana o te Komiti Central CCP me tārua te mana o te kaunihera hōia Hainamana.

whakahaere angamaheni, te aroturuki i, ngā rerengamahi me ētahi atu mahi o te General Directorate (Tari o te Komiti Central CPC). I tua atu, i reira ko te Komihana Central, i te mea i raro ki te National Congress anake, i roto i ona mahi - te ako mana, te whawhai ki te pirau , me te tahi atu hara nui i roto i te rarangi rōpū. E i roto i te whenua, me te Komihana tōrangapū-Legal rite te okana rōpū pokapū o te kaupapa here ture, me te whakahaere. Political Division Haumarutanga me te mahi o te tiaki tinana o te poari whakahaere, ko te Central Haumarutanga Bureau o te Pāti Communist o Haina .

Congress mahi

mahi ōkawa i rua te Congress: hanga ia, ka whakapaia e nga menemana, te huringa i roto i te tikanga rōpū, me te kōwhiri te te Komiti Central o te Pāti Communist o Haina. I tua atu, ko te Komiti Central i te plenum ka kōwhiri te te Politburo, tahi ki te Komiti Tuuturu me te Hekeretari-Tianara. Ko tata katoa o enei whakatau e hanga roa i mua i te Congress, te wahi i hanga anake kaupapa here tūmatanui e e haere ana ki te whakatinana i te Pāti Communist o Haina, me ngā kaupapa matua whanaketanga te whenua o mo te rima tau e haere ake nei.

CCP - e kore te okana matua anake o te mana tōrangapū i roto i China. He ko te State Kaunihera me o nga Iwi Liberation Army. Ko te tika ki te pooti kua o nga People Whiriwhiri tōrangapū Conference, a i roto i te 80 e whakahaerea ana e te Komihana Central whakapumautia Den Syaopinom, te nohoanga o nga whakaaro CPC.

tau

kihai i Communist Party o te mātauranga o Haina i roto i 1921 fafau ia he kaha tōrangapū hou mai i iti mīharo te whakahaere: kotahi tekau ma rua anake kaitautapa tae te Congress ture tuatahi i roto i Shanghai. Na roto i te 1922, kua nui haere tino te maha o Kominiusi: hei ratou kotahi rau e iwa tekau-rua. I roto i te 1923, taua te CCP wha rau e rua tekau iwi, i roto i te tau - tata te mano. I roto i te 1927, kua tupu te rōpū ki te 58 000 i te mau melo, a i roto i te 1945 - kua overstepped miriona. A, no te hinga te ātete o te KMT, kua te rōpū kua tupu maere, i te 1957 neke atu i te tekau miriona iwi i piri te CCP, a i roto i 2000 tupu ratou maha ki te ono tekau miriona.

Ko te muri Party Congress i 2002 mana te fariiraa i roto i te tau o kaipakihi, i tino nui haere te maha o te kaimahi. Ano, ka pōtitia te Komiti Central Chzhan Zhuymin, ko wai te mea peresideni o te kaporeihana Haier, e i roto i te whānui ake ki ko rangona o tenei wāhi. Ko te kupu, i roto i te CCP ka haere ki millionaires me billionaires, pērā i Liang Wengen whai wāhi i roto i te Congress o te CPC, ahakoa te meka i pupuri ia i te millionaires wahi runga rangatira i roto i te moheni Forbes i 2011. Na nui te maha o CPC 85 miriona te iwi.

Ko te mau hopearaa o te Revolution Cultural

I roto i te wā i 1965 ki te 1976, ngā a China tōrangapū, te Revolution Cultural pera-ka karanga, me te pakanga meinga te raruraru i roto i te Rōpū Communist, i ko te he i o e rua ngā kaupapa here roto, o waho o Mao Zedong.

Ana kaitautoko ki te awhina o ngā waeine hōia mateaki me tamarikitanga ākonga wā whakangaromia nga whakahaere katoa Party, motu ke i te ope, te rewa te Komiti Party, i repressed kaimahi Party, i roto nei i tokomaha ngā mema o te kaha, kaitono mo te Politburo me te Komiti Central o te CPC.

whakahou

I muri i te matenga o Mao i 1979 anake, eke te whenua ki runga ki whakahou me te roha o te whanaunga waho i raro i te arata'iraa Den Syaopina - te Hekeretari Tianara i 1976 ki te 1981. Kua puta ke te whāinga o te Hainamana Communist Party tino mai i reira ko te hiahia nui ki te whakahou i te whenua. kawea te hanganga i ngā wā katoa, me te whānui i roto i ao katoa o te pūnaha tōrangapū, me te ōhanga.

Ko te kupu, tautuhi matou me ngā ūnga roa-hao, i meinga nei hei whanaketanga te whenua o. huaina te whāinga hou i te whakatūnga o te hapori ki te āhuatanga Hainamana, e uhinga a te hokohoko o whakahounga me te maia ki te ao i waho. te hēkeretari whānui pōtitia i roto i 2012. Xi Jinping tonu tenei kaupapa here, te whakau i te koā ko pakihi o mua: ka e taea ki te whakatutuki anake te Hainamana Party Communist te whakaoranga o te whenua.

faatîtîraa tōrangapū

Ko te kaihoahoa o te whakahounga timata Den Syaopin, e mihia mahi ona rawa ki te pupuri mana i runga i te tukanga i roto i te ringa o te CCP. Ko te taea o te rōpū, me tona kaha whakaaetia ara i roto i te mata o Haina hou ki te whakakahore i te ara o te democratization me ki tiaki mua ngā turanga tōrangapū. I runga i te ringa kotahi tenei whakatau, awe e te hi'oraa o te USSR, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - tauira o Taiwan ko Tonga Korea. rōpū tokitoki i roto i te kaha - ko ki te whakarato hoki maha nga tau o te tatūtangā i te pūnaha o te tōrangapū rōpū o Haina.

kua puta pepeha me te whāinga hou, "te hanga o te hapori ki te āhuatanga Hainamana" i roto i te hononga ki te akiaki ia o whakahounga, kawea atu "i runga ake", e ko, huringa i roto i te hapori, me te hapori, me te ōhanga, engari, e whai ake nei i te tauatanga o te kaha, me te tiaki i te wāhi tino o te Pāti i tukanga katoa. Ko te kupu "hapori" Ko te kī i konei. Ko Ko te aha i te ingoa o Mao Zedong i China kore e e aukatia ki roto. Reira te inaianei, rokohanga, oro atu me ki te hopohopo inä. PDA mana hoki ki ona pakiaka.

totohe intraparty

Ko te pera-ka karanga "Beijing Komsomol" - neomaoisty, maha e ahu i te rohe rawakore, ka mahi ki te whakawhanake i to ratou mau fare e tika ki te kawanatanga taonga io, pērā i te taha moana. whakapono ratou Haina ko te rangatira i roto i te ao te whakawhanake. Ko te rangatira o tenei rōpū - te kaituhituhi whānui mua Hu Jintao. Tona mono rite Hekeretari General - Xi kua roa kua whakaaro te kaitautoko o te "Group Shanghai", engari tomo tonu ki te haumi ki "Beijing".

Ko te pera-ka karanga "clique Shanghai" - o Shanghai, te CCP rangatira tangata nei "ka whakanekehia" Jiang Zemin , i tonu tavana o Shanghai, a muri riro te pou Hu. I muri i tana wehenga atu i te pou aho o te mana i roto i te ārahitanga katoa o te CPC noho i roto i ona ringa, i nga wahi katoa i tona iwi. Tera atu ano tetahi rōpū rōpū whiriwhiri i huaina "Old wenewene" e patoi whakahounga mākete.

xi Jinping

I roto i te 2012, ka haere mai Xi Jinping ki te wahi o Hu Jintao, te upoko o te tekau tau rōpū. Ko te tino roa tenei whakaingoatanga, "otlozhivalas": e rima nga tau ki runga ki i tenei wāhi kua ōpaki whakaae e ka waiho e ia te rangatira o te China Communist Party. Na ka mau ia ki te pou tuarua - ka heamana o te kaunihera hōia o Haina.

Āta e tightened whanonga "nati" i roto i te rōpū te kita katoa. I roto i, hei tauira, te ture hou i roto i 2015 rāhui i te Hainamana Kominiusi ki te tākaro korowha, kai te kai tōtōā, me te ara haere i te reunion. Kei te tino riria ana te reira ki te faaino i te rōpū i roto i tetahi puka.

More āta ūhia

I tua atu, ki te Hānuere 1, i 2016 i te mau melo rōpū uru tapuí ki te tinana, korowha, me tetahi atu karapu tūmataiti. whakaritea ratou tapatahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te tiaki me te ore- raa. Ūhia ki tino pakeke: rōpū tōrangapū e kore e waiho tetahi mau parau mākahi, rāhuitia huringa raraunga te, tūturu eke ki waho, rawa, kōrero ōpaki ki kore-te mau melo o te rōpū kore ki te tautoko i (tenei ngā tika e noho tata i roto i te hapori, hoa me hoa-i roto i-ringa ), e kore ratonga fakasekisualé e whakamahi i te reira, te atu kahore ratou e whai, "tika" te taotoraa rawa kia kore e. Ko te kupu, Kei te āhua te whai i te tiamana o te Pāti Communist o Haina ki te whakarewa i te tikanga anti-pirau hou, me te ki te whakaū i tona kaha.

Prohibition o te karakia i roto i te CCP

Faka'ehi'ehi i haapa'oraa kua meinga nei te āwangawanga o ngā mema katoa o te Hainamana Communist Party, tae atu ki ngā āpiha a te kāwanatanga o mua. mahi Religious o tangata e mau i puritia tetahi hiranga mo te pou nui, kaupapa ki te whakahaere me te whai i te whiu mooni haere mai ki te aukati i te rarangi ranei. E ai ki Reuters, ara roa i mua rihaina rangatira ki te whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi karakia rāhuitia. Ahakoa rai te Hainamana Constitution haere noa o te karakia, kei te tata e whai ake nei i te Pāti Communist o Haina nga kaimahi katoa e he te nuinga o ngā mema o te rōpū.

Official nūpepa pāremata o Haina tukuna te tauākī o tari whakahaere, te wahi e mea ai e e takoto hoki pononga ā-mua ki te pehi i nō ki te karakia. e kore e taea e ngā mema o te Pāti ngā i roto i feohi fakalotu, i te tahi atu te ringa, e hiahiatia ana e ratou ki te pato'ii te mātātoa fifi kino. Heoi, ko reira mau mahi whakaaetia te tinana kāwanatanga e pā e te ana ki tetahi tikanga iwi iwi tuku iho, ki te kore e pā ana te reira ki tetahi karakia, hāhi. rōpū Religious i roto i o nga People Republic o Haina mō te ngā take, kua rahi i roto i nga tau tata nei, i te mea he aha tāmitanga o aratai haapaoraa ngā tightened, puritia huna mārō o nga mea katoa o hui karakia me ngā mahi.