Ko te hītori o te ori Russian: te putanga, me te ahunga whakamua

Ko te pakiaka o te Ballet Russian, rite tetahi ahua toi, kei roto i te pakiwaitara kanikani. Te nuinga pea, ko enei karakia (momo katoa o te kanikani) me petipeti ( "pereplyas", "Kuma, te wahi i reira", me te pera i runga i.) Kanikani. e kore te ori Russian mau anake nga kēnana rerehua katoa, engari ka hoki te iriti ture no i roto i te ao o te hītekiteki.

hikuwai

I roto i te Kievan Rus 'i te tahuri o ngā rau tau VIII-IX, ka anga ki te puta i te kanikani tuatahi, ngaio i roto i to ratou mara - clowns ... I muri i te i, ka ko te whakapaipai Moscow, kihai i clowns tangata tika.

I roto i te rau tau XV-XVI entertainers matakitakinga rorirori ki mata huna ki kopare, pera-ka karanga "mashkarami" miharo, ka miharo e nga tangata ke te toro.

I roto i te rau tau XVII tohua te hītori o ori Russian te kohao i roto i takaro i te whare o te Kremlin Theatre. E ai ki te whakarerenga iho whakapumautia, kua oti tonu ia tauākī i roto i te whare tapere mezhdusenyami (ngä motuhake ori). Enei pera-ka karanga entrée whakamana e nga tangata kakahu i roto i nga kakahu nunui. whakakitea Actors etahi huānga o ballroom kanikani.

ngahau o te Tsar

Ko te ballets unahi-tonu tuatahi i roto i Russia whakaaro te he mahi tukua tanguru 8, 1673. A he hui nui i roto i te marae o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a ka huaina a reira "Ballet o Orpheus me Eurydice." Ko te hītori o te putanga o te ori Russian whakamārama ana te reira rite te neke āraitia te ceremonious, kanikani puhoi, kopere, me ngā whakawhitinga. I waenganui i nga kaitapere karakia tamau aau kupu waiata ranei. Ko te iti rite te mahi tapere tūturu tenei katoa. Ko reira anake he fun kingi, whakapati tona papû ore.

Na, Gregory I., te kaiwhakahaere o te whare tapere, manihini Nicola Lima ki te whakarite akoranga whakangungu mo te pūkenga tapere o te kingi o te whare tapere. I te tuatahi, te tama 10 a e piá 'rangatira, ka ki 20, i pai whakaakona, ka whakakitea te kingi i te mahi marae hītekiteki "Orpheus" i roto i te kāhua French.

Ko te huinga mahi

Anake i muri i te hauwhā o te rau tau, Pita ahau, ka hāngai ki te ripeneta i te ora ahurea o Russia, hopoi mai te reira ki te ora o Russian waiata hapori me te kanikani. whakatau ia ki te faatupu i toi whiriwhiri whenei o noho o St Petersburg. Ki te mahi i tenei, e Pita katia ahau te whare tapere Moscow Alexei Mikhailovich me whakaputa he ture orurehau. Tenei ture ki hahi e hiahiatia tari kāwanatanga katoa ki te whakaako i te kanikani ballroom waho kore. kua hanga enei tikanga hou e te tūranga o te kanikani ariki tiketike roaahia'tu. Ko te aha kaiwhakahaere hahi ori ahua takoto i roto i nekehanga kanikani hītekiteki haere mai i ki waho, hou i roto i te puka o ngā huānga o te kanikani Slavonic motu.

Kaituhi V. Krasovskaja ( "History o Ballet Russian" - LA Art, 1978) whakapono e te ora, me te hua'tu Pita ahau i roto i nga fare whare pupuri i ngā mahi o piu ori, kaiwaiata me kaiwaiata opera karangatia i ki waho.

I te timatanga o 1738 whakaritea te kura o te hītekiteki i roto i te whenua, kua riro nei, i roto i te pānga, te tuatahi. Ko te hītori o te ori Russian parau poto e pā ana ki tenei wā. Paetahi mahi i roto i te kamupene hītekiteki o defendants ke i roto i te whare tapere pera-ka karanga (kaiwhakaari, hivá). I nui anake i muri i uru te reira ratou ki te rōpū matua.

Ko te whakangungu tuatahi

Ko te pouraka o hītori ori hou whakaaro te Gentry Corps Whenua. mahi reira mo te rongonui Zhan Batist Landzh, nana nei i hoatu e toru ballets marae ki ana ākonga. Ka rite ki te hītori o te ori Russian, ka ratou tata nga mahi ori tuatahi, ture e hāngai ana katoa me tikanga o te Royal Academy o Dance i te whakapaipai French.

ka mau Gentry Corps tauira hōia wahi i roto i te mātauranga, poluharakternom lyrical me i te wa taua whakaatu i te piu ori kōmeke i Itari Tes.

Elizabeth ahau, i roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te ngaro i te kanikani hītekiteki whakaakona, ka puaki te ake kura kanikani o te Kuini, te huinga tuatahi o i nga 12 tamariki a tutua.

Na roto i te mutunga o 1742, hainatia te Empress ture ki te whakatū i te kapa ori o kanikani Russian. Ko reira i reira e tahuna ake nga whetu Russian tuatahi - kanikani ori ngaio: Aksinya Baskakov ko Athanasius Toporkov.

mutunga mate i roto i

hopoi mai te mate Baptiste Lande whakama i roto i te mahi Choreography i roto i te whenua. Whakaaturanga, e rere Thessalonians, he o te momo kotahi, me burlesques hōhā. E kore e te pūtirotiro kukume taua ngā.

Ko te hītori o te ori Russian whakaahua ana poto taua wā. I tenei wa i roto i Europe reira ko te pātai i runga i te whakahou o te take nekehanga. titau Rousseau ko cinq-Mars te kanikani hītekiteki ki te pehea e kakahu timera me kopare ki wigs. kaha taunaki Diderot huri mahi pūrākau e ori. Na, Dzhon Uiver, i waho e tatari ana mo te huringa whānui, notemea he mahi kanikani he whakaaro kōrero, ka tuhituhi Zhorzh Nover te rongonui "Letters o kanikani."

Ehara i tawhiti i muri me te ori Russian. Ko te ahua o Hilferding - tohu. Tenei mātanga Tiamana whakaritea Choreography kōrero i roto i St Petersburg. I roto i Paris tau 15 anake i muri puta kōrero ballets. Hilferding i āwhina Leopold Paradiso. E te 50 tau th o te rau tau XVIII, hanga ratou he whakaari ori motuhake.

Tīmata ngā whakaari

Ko te whakaari tuatahi i roto i te ori Russian no A. P. Sumarokovu. ka whakanuia e ia ngā kanikani whakamoemiti, tuhituhi turanga tito mahi ori "rerenga o te viivii ore" me "ohu New".

karangatia Gasparo Anzhiolini kingi kaiwhakaara, te whakanui ake i te wherikotanga o te notok iwi waiata Slavic e mahi ori "Fun mō te wā Kirihimete." Catherine II nui hapainga kanohi. I roto i 1779, te Kōmihana Ture en banc whakaaetia te hītekiteki, te waiata hoki i tuhituhia i runga i te pūtake o Slavic pakiwaitara.

I muri i te angitu rahi taua oho Anzhilini ki ngā tapere whakangahau, i hanga ngahau o ngā kaupapa wā. I meatia tenei poroporoaki haruru: "Te Whakamanamana o Russia" (tauā patua te ope Turkish i Cahul ko Larga), "Ko e Argonauts New" (ode kororia ki te kaipuke o te Russian Empire) me "whakaaroaro wikitoria" (te tai aranga o te hiahia mo te werohanga ki koroputaputa rohe).

te mahi ori hautoa tuatahi "Semira" Kua iti kua tukua i mua. Mai taua taime ra kua kainekehanga aufauraa i te whakarongo nui ki te expressiveness o te kanikani hītekiteki. Hoki e taea e nga kanikani i te wa ano e pukumahi, me te whakangahau ngā opera o whare kāwanatanga-kore, me te i roto i te whakaaturanga tupurangi-hei mahi, te libretto hoki i tito te Empress ia.

Hoki te 1778 hou i roto i St Petersburg (rite te hītori o ori Russian, pukapuka lelei whakaahua tenei hui ahurei) e tiai mua kua rua whare: arumoni "Theatre Free" me te marae.

Ko te rōpū pā tuatahi

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XVIII, te ahua, ko te ki te rangatira te toi o te kanikani. A i roto i te tīmatanga o 1773 raro i ngā akoranga o Leopold Pararaiha i te whakapaipai i runga i te pūtake o Orphanage whakatuwheratia te pokapū whakangungu tuatahi, nana nei i meinga i muri mai i te whare tapere tūmatanui tuatahi. I roto i te huinga tuatahi i reira i 60 tamariki. I runga i te mahi nekehanga tuatahi whakaturia e Cosimo whakanui Maddox, ta ia i roto i tona pukapuka Yu Bakhrushin.

Ko te hītori o te ori Russian, ako a whakaahuatia ratou i roto i nui taipitopito, ki tonu i nga marohirohi oroko tenei wā, te toi o te kanikani. Maddox ki te rōpū o te kuao, ako i roto i Russia, tū kanikani te opera kōmeke, Choreography whakatapua ki ngā tūturu (hei tauira, "Ko te horonga o Ochakovo"), ko Divertimenti.

Ki tenei whakamārama, hohoro timata ki te whakawhanake i te whare tapere serf. I roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga o te rau tau XVIII i reira kua pai-mohiotia nui kaiwhakaari serf ngā. kua taua rōpū Zorich Golovkin, Apraksin, Sheremetyevo, Potemkin me ētahi atu kaipupuri whenua.

kite te taua wā te whanaketanga me te waihanga o te tūāhua kanikani wahine, me te hoahoa toi ki te tohu i te scene. He he he kikokiko iho hou i runga i te scene atamira, te tirohanga, ko te ki te tuhituhi i roto i te kāhua kiko, ki te whakamahi i te kēmu hawhe-atarangi me te marama.

Ko te whakamanamana o ori Russian

He tonu me te whānui te hītori o te ori Russian o 19-20 tenetere. Na roto i te timatanga o te XIX rau hītekiteki toi tutuki te paari o i maioha e te minenga. whakamōhio hītekiteki Russian ki Choreography otinga, rangatira, me te ngangahau. Kei te te reira i te tino kapi fakatokanga'i A. S. Pushkin, whakaahua i te ataahua o nga nuku kanikani o hono to'utangatá, te whetu o te scene hītekiteki, Istomin: "Soul tonu o te rere" (riro te parau kua faaauhia te te hītekiteki). Tona mata, me te huatau o ngā nekehanga kanikani faahiahia. Te nuinga o nga mata'ita'i haere rite i runga i Avdotya Istomin.

No iti ataahua ko Lihutina Anastasia, Catherine Teleshova, Danilova Mariya.

Kei te whiwhi mahi Ballet rongonui. kanikani Ballet, hei toi, e meinga ana te reira, a tohaina reira moni kāwanatanga.

Na roto i te newfangled runga "talena" o nga tau 60 o te rau tau whakamutunga, hipokina te whiriwhiri ahurea te. mai te whare tapere raruraru Russian. Ki te pā ki te choreographies, hoatu ana e ia te reira i roto i te Primitivism o te pakiwaitara, e whakarite ki te tetahi kanikani. Kanikani nei i tae tino, whakahere ki te kanikani i roto i ngā kiko.

haere te hītori o te ori Russian ki te taumata hou. timata te anō ki Petra Chaykovskogo, e tuhituhi te waiata mo te ngā nekehanga tuatahi. I roto i te aamu katoa o te ori, hei hoki te waiata wā tuatahi kua rite nui rite te kanikani. A ara i puta i runga i te par ki opera waiata me tito Tira pūoru. Ki te tuhituhi waiata ki Tchaikovsky i raro i te huānga kanikani, i teie nei te ori kaiwhakaari plasticity, nekehanga me te aroha noa rapu ia ki te kawe i te huru puoro me kare, i te ki te āwhina i te pūtirotiro ki te matakawa te wahi, whakaritea e tuhipoka o te kaitito. admires tonu te ao i te rongonui "Swan Lake."

kawea Kaiwhakarite kanikani Gorsky i ngā o ngā āhuatanga o nāianei o te ahunga, ka anga ahau ki te whakarongo nui ki te waihanga toi te scene, whakapono e kia kia tino rumakina te pūtirotiro i roto i te mea kei te tupu i runga i te atamira. opani e ia te whakamahi o ngā huānga MIME. Radically huri te āhuatanga Fokine. ka ora ake ia i te ori whaiāipo, a ka mau te reo o te kanikani me te korero mārama tinana. E ai ki a Fokin, me kia ia te papa◊iraa i runga i te atamira ahurei. Ie waiata, kāhua kanikani me te tauira i ki kia ahurei ki te tirohanga ngā. I roto i nga tau tuatahi o nga pānui XX rau kiriata tona production "pō Ihipiana," "Ko te Swan mate ka", "Dream ngahuru Night o," "Acis ko Karatia" me etahi atu.

I roto i te 1908 Diaghilev S. karangatia P. Fokin ki riro i te kaiwhakahaere nui o te "Seasons Russian" Parisian. Ki tenei aniraa ka Fokin ao-rongonui. He kaitoi ori maitai Russian tau i roto i te whakamanamana ki te mahi i roto i te pane a French. Ko te hītori o kanikani ori Russian whakamoemiti tira Russian, nei o ratou ingoa e mohiotia katoa i runga i te ao: Adolf Bolm, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, etc. A ko reira i roto i te heke o te ori Pākehā.!

ka mau Diaghilev te tupono ka riro. huihuia e ia te kapa o te taitamariki me te pūmanawa kaiwhakaari ori, a hoatu ana ratou e te ringa free. Whakaaetia ki te mahi i waho te anga o te mōhiotia, i hoatu te rongonui, engari kua Petipa tawhito rawa.

Freedom o mahi whakahohea te kanikani ki te kitea e me te whakapuaki ia ratou. I tua atu ki enei innovations pāhoro ngā Diaghilev ki kopaki nga toi tino rongonui o ana to'utangatá (Jean Cocteau, A. Derain, Picasso) me kaitito (K. Debissi, Ravel, Stravinsky). Na ko nga hanga ori te faahiahia.

I muri i te Oketopa Revolution, he maha kanikani me kainekehanga mahue poutaha Russian. Otiia noho te tapahanga. Āta riro ofi ange ki te iwi te ori Russian. Ngā whārangi o hītori muri te hanga ... kite atu

I muri i te waenganui o te rautau XX, kua hoki mai kanikani me kainekehanga o te whakatupuranga hou ki te kanikani scene karakōnui wareware, taratimere me te ori i roto i te kotahi mahi. I tipu tonu te maha o tari, me te whare tapere.

"Ko e Ikuna", hītekiteki, kaiwānanga ori

ka haere mai te kaikanikani rongonui Russian Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya ki te hoki i roto i te Empire Russian, Mahuru 11, 1915. I muri i te kura nui tomo ia, a i roto i te tau 1933 pai puta i te nekehanga Kura Leningrad. ako ia i te rongonui Vaganova Agrippina. Mai i taua wa ki te 1941 Krasovskaja tavini Theatre. Kirov. Ko ia pukumahi i roto i te ballets o wāwāhi mātauranga.

I roto i te 1951, puta Vera M. i te kura puta i roto i Leningrad Theatre Institute. Ostrovsky, i muri i te whakangungu taketake i te manga o te whare tapere.

riro kura ngaio Krasouskaya tuatahi i roto i te piha haapiiraa o Agrippina Vaganova, ka postnovkah ori o te Mariinsky Theatre, ki te taonga o matauranga o te tauine encyclopedic, rangatira, ngā tikanga ahurea me te whakahau auheke o te reo (Wīwī, me te reo Ingarihi), tuku ki reira hei te ngingila, me te tino te nui fakaanga hītekiteki toi.

I roto i te 1998, wherahia ana te rongo pai puta noa i te ao whakaari. Premium "Whakamanamana" riro Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya. Ko te hītori o te ori Russian, i whakaahuatia e ia i roto i te pukapuka (etahi o ratou iritihia ki reo ke) me ngā tuhinga (300) rite te kōrero toi, me te fakaanga, i Vera Mikhailovna toa o te noa "Whakamanamana" Tohu Russian. Kei te whakawhiwhia tenei taonga mo te whakatutukitanga rawa i roto i te toi me te tuhinga.

I roto i te 1999 kua riro Krasouskaya Vera Mikhailovna.

hopearaa

Ko te hītori o te ori Russian ki mauruuru pupuru ana i nga ingoa o nga rangatira o te kanikani, e hanga he takoha nui ki te hanganga o te Choreography Russian. Tenei Didlo S. kati, M. Petipa, A. Saint-Leon, S. Diaghilev, Fomin, me te tini ke atu. He taranata o kaitoi Russian unuhia ana me tohoakii tenei ra he maha nui o kaimätakitaki huri noa te ao.

Ki tenei ra, kei te whakaaro kamupene ori Russian te pai i roto i te ao.