Ko te waka rererangi "Phantom" (McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II): whakaahuatanga, ngā, whakaahua

E rave rahi te rererangi whawhai kia rite ki te hua o tona whakamahi ranei e wareware hoki ratou kounga rawakore, ranei hei he kōrero pono, e pā ana ki nei kahore noa e mohio te hunga iwi e kahore pā ana ki te rererangi. Ko te whakamutunga taea te pēnei rite, mo te tauira, to tatou IL-2, me nui i muri American rererangi "Phantom".

Mahalo te rongonui tino o waka American katoa o 1960-1980 mīhini, me tona ingoa mō nga tau maha hei kua faaauhia mō whawhai US Air Force katoa. Ko tōna miramira ko te maha-taumahinga, e kua tutuki to matou kaihoahoa rererangi he iti i muri mai. I roto i te whānui, i te manureva "Phantom" - e kore tohu iti oraora o te Cold War, i te, hei tauira, B-52 rererangi.

He āhuatanga motuhake o tenei tikanga ko e taea te tohatoha ki te haukoti missiles reo-whānui i roto i te whanga poma o te mīhini. Te mea faahiahia, te analogues kāinga, muri whakamahia hoki te rākau o te riri o te mig-23, he kaha haamana'oraa o te hoahoa me te mahi āhuatanga ratou. i te katoa "te mape" hanga nga Hainamana tona rererangi JH-7. Ko te ōritetanga o te - i roto i te ahua e kore e anake, engari ano i roto i engines tata ōrite, me te ara hihiani. Ehara i Koinei, te "Phantom" - plane, e image taea tonu te kite i roto i makasini maha i runga i te tumu parau o patu.

Tīmata o te whanaketanga

tīmata te mahi tuatahi i roto i 1953, ka wawe tae te US Air Force ki te kore iti o ngā whanaketanga i roto i te mara o te toa e hāngai ana kawe-paorangi. Ko te tuatahi he maro "McDonnell", engari kihai i whakatau tino te kaupapa nga whakaritenga o te hōia. Heoi, i runga i te pūtake o te AH-1 tauira toa-rererangi i muri hanga.

Heoi, i kore e tika ki te ariā i taka te kore o "tuatahi-te koroke", engari i roto i te tino hou i roto i 1955, i te ngā whakataunga mō ngā te rererangi hou: te meka e te admiral i taua wa whakakitea te hiahia ki te whai i runga i kawe rererangi parakore hāngai kawe-toa-Interceptor ahei o te taenga M = 2, missiles anake patu.

E te ara, e hanga te manureva "Phantom"? Kua whakahuatia kua matou, "McDonnell". Ki te wheako, i taea e ki te hanga i tētahi mīhini e tutuki nga whakaritenga katoa o te kiritaki ona Engineers. ka haere mai te whakamutunga ki te kia kia angitu, e tu tonu i roto i te taviniraa huri noa i te ao.

Ko te Momo tuatahi

Kua i te waenganui o te raumati o te taua tau te tauira tuatahi, whakaritea F4H-1F, a ka rere ia i roto i nga tau e toru i whakapumautia. ahau e noho ana ahau i nga mana o te pairati whakamātautau Robert C. Little. Ko te rererangi whakamahia engines J79-3A (2h6715 Ng), engari i muri i te whati tuatahi o rima tekau, i whakaritea e te reira ki te huri i ratou ki te J79-GE-2. I muri i te wa iti ake, hoatu ana ano hoki te muri ara ki te tauira J79-GE-2A (2h7325 kgf). Heoi i reira ko te manureva "Phantom" o te rua o nga tauira.

I roto i te 1960, kua reira kua meinga hei record tere tino o 2583 km / h. Otiia i konei haere Ameliká ki te whakapati iti hangarau: patia he ruma compressor te i raro i te pēhanga he ranunga o te wai me te waihā ewaro, i whakaaetia matatahi mīhini huri hiko tōtika hauhautanga me ki te ārai waiariki ratou whakangaromanga. whakaritea tēnei whakarerekētanga i F-4A, i tukua tika 23 rererangi o tenei tauira.

Katoa o ratou whakamahia anake mo te whakamātautau rere, kua te United States i riro e te Force Air. Ko te tikanga, "Phantom" - manureva (ko tona whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga), i roto i nei i kore e iti iho i te putanga tatini nga kōrero. Hoatu e patu ki noa te US ko reira he wa poto ngā, e taea te whakaaro te reira i te record! Ki te kahore koe e mohio rite "Phantom" (te manureva) he aha titiro reira, ka waiho te reira taea ki te makona ratou pākiki, i muri i te pānui i tēnei tuhinga!

Tīmata o production, whakarerekē

I tīmata te hanga o enei mihini i roto i te Hakihea 1960. Na roto i te 1967 th i te US Air Force i pā ana ki 637 rererangi o tenei tauira. I muri, i runga i te pūtake o enei momo kua hanga maramarama. I muri whakaputaina te reira i kore iti iho i te 500 "ma" "Phantoms", he maha o te waka rererangi tawhito (anake wā whakamātautau) ka puta ke i roto i te putanga hou.

Te mea faahiahia, i hanga te whakatau ki te tango i te "Phantom" ohi rite te toa maha-tūranga i anake i roto i te 1962. I roto i te ara maha, kua tenei i panaia kua hono ki te rere i te kōrero e pā ana ki te tūranga o te motokā i mua nei. Ētahi kaihoahoa patua ana tonu ki te mahi i te reira ki te makings o te toa whakaeke whenua tairitenga, ētahi i tohe i runga i te kōwhiringa o te hanga i te hangarau toa parakore, i i taua wa i te tino ui e te US Air Force.

taputapu Hangarau me te rākau o te riri

hoahoa aerodynamic - noa, he iti-parirau, trapezoidal, āhuatanga ko te aroaro o whakakopa tamahanahana. i tahia atu mahi Empennage ki te whakanui i te ātete ki te rere o te hau, me te whakapiki ake i te huri mai o te rererangi.

Rerekē te toa matua o te tau, te manureva "Phantom" kua he mechanization tino whakawhanakehia, ko te tokomaha o akatuke'anga runga te pūnaha UPS. Na i taea e te whenua te manureva i runga i te rahoraho o te kawe rererangi, matau wahia whakamahia. Ka taea e te tu te reira i te mīhini taunga taimaha ake ki te 17 taranata. O te akoranga, e wātea ana e pera ūnga anake ki nga kaiurungi tino mātanga, tino ongo'i tona waka rererangi.

Ko te hoahoa o te tauira mīhini, whakamahia te hihiani i AN / APQ-120, me te whakahoki whāinga matatini AN / ASQ-26, AN / AJB-7 pūnaha te kawenga mō te whakatere me te waka rererangi tika ki te tohu i roto i te poma. Hei tautuhi anō poma plane mariko F-4 te whakamahi i tohu taputapu AN / ASQ-9L. Hihiani radiation kitea e hihiani hoariri te fariiraa AN / APR-36/37 taputapu, hoki kimi reb-whakahoki AN pokanoa matatini / ALQ-71/72/87.

Ko te hanganga o te pūnaha whakatere rere-F-4E ngā INS AN / ASN-63, Raru AN / ASN-46 me altimeters altimeter irirangi AN / APN-155. Hoki te kōrero, whakatere me te pūnaha tāutu he matatini AN / ASQ-19 ngā he transceiver TACAN.

Rākau o te riri. I iwa kōpuku waho rererangi whakatārewatanga mariko F-4 kia kawe i te momo o patu, tae atu e wha SD reo-whānui whai-7 "Sparrow". He ko te pea o te patu i roto i te niches o te takere, ka taea e hoki te rererangi whakamahi i te pū tauira M61A1 rererangi (kariri i roto i 1200 rauna ia pū). I te poari i reira he poraka ki poma paerewa tupono noa, te rehu tāke whakaaro mahino (VAP) i runga i te aukati parirau.

Mk43, Mk.57, Mk.61 Mk.28 ranei: e taea ki te kawe i runga i te poari e rua poma karihi tauira te manureva "Phantom" (mōhiohio e kua he whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga), ko te. taimaha o patu taea Tapeke ko e pā ana ki whitu tana, engari ki te utanga o taua taea te tango mīhini atu anake ki te kahore i whakakiia tino te tāke wahie. Ko tenei - tetahi o nga tōnounou matua o tenei tauira, nei te tino mārama whakakitea i roto i Vietnam i reira tutaki nga Ameliká ki MiGs Soviet. To tatou mahi e kukume rererangi i roto i te pā ana ki te taimaha me te ringa i tino teitei.

Raraunga i runga i te hanga

Tuku o "Phantom" ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te hōia US i runga ki te tau 1976 (i te katoa o e pā ana ki 4,000 rererangi kua tukua, me e pā ana ki 1,300 haere ki te Navy ngā). I tua atu, hoki e pā ana ki tetahi me te hawhe mano waka tukua mo te kaweake. Otiia i konei kia tuhia te reira e whakawhitia etahi o nga waka kaweake i tika i te Navy / Air Force.

Ehara i te mea maere te K4 rererangi "Phantom" riro e kua tetahi o te rongonui tino i roto i te rängai o whawhai kōpana o taua wa, ka rite ki anake te whakahaere ki te whakaputa i neke atu i te rima mano nga wahi. I te pae hopea, i 1971 ki te 1980 i roto i Japan hanga 138 rererangi, ko te kape raihana o te American "Phantom", rerekē i te putanga taketake etahi huringa i roto i te hanganga o te rākau o te riri, me te Avionics.

āhuatanga hangarau

Ko te parirau katoa i 11.7 mita, te roa o te takere - ko 19.2 m, teitei mōrahi o te tinana 5 mita, te wāhi parirau o 49.2 mita pūrua. hora Mōrahi taimaha tango-atu i te 25 ki te 26 taranata. rererangi Pātea F 4 "Phantom" (kahore he wahie, me ringa iri) paunatia 13.760 kg i roto i te ā-wahie tāke wahie noho ono taranata, e taea te ringihia e wha taranata ki te tāke whakatārewatanga.

Motors me āhuatanga rere

Ka rite ki te tipu te mana Turbojet whakamahia e rua GE. Tauira hoki e rua: J79-GE-8 (me te mōrahi aki 7780 kgf), J79-GE-17 (rawa āhuatanga umeraa o nei i 8120 kgf).

I te wa, ka te manureva "Phantom", nga āhuatanga hangarau o e te hunga i roto i te tuhinga, he kōrero te US Air Force mo te take rawa i rawa pai ona āhuatanga rere. taea te whakatere waka rererangi ki te 2300 km / h, ko te teitei mahi aranga ki te whakatutuki mōrahi 16 ki te 600 mita, te whakaterenga whakaterenga - 220 m / s, te whānuitanga rere o 2380 km.

Ko te roa o te runway i mua i tango-atu ko 1340 mita, kei te tino mutu ki te hekerangi braking mo te motokā 950 mita. I te kawe rererangi, i whakamahia te matau, he waka rererangi American "Phantom" noho hoki e pā ana ki 30-40 mita. kikī tere Mōrahi tutuki i roto i te mahi mahi, ko 6,0G.

Te whakamahi hiranga me te whawhai

He tino aroha o te rererangi "Phantom" (nga āhuatanga o e kua whakaahuatia kua matou) Ameliká, rite te wae o tenei tauira mo te wa roa i noho nga tikanga tuatahi o te rangi painga Air Force ko Navy. Te whakamahi whawhai mohiotia tuatahi o te wāhanga ka mau wahi i runga i April 2, 1965, i roto i te whawhai i roto i Vietnam. He te manureva o tenei tauira fehangahangai ki nga mig-17F, i tukua nei ki a Te Tai Tokerau Vietnam i roto i to tatou whenua.

Mai 1966, i roto i te pato'iraa i whai wāhi ki te wā nga mig-21F, homai ano hoki te USSR. riro Air Force me te US Navy e "Phantom" ka hohoro riro rangi painga, mai ko ratou taha rawa kaha i runga i-papa patu,-kounga tiketike hihiani, me te whakatere pai, me te ipu tere. hoatu enei huru katoa tumanako mō hua pai dogfighting.

Huapai me ngā huakore

Otiia i roto i te mahi ka tahuri te reira i roto i taua i roto i te tukinga ki te āhuatanga te huri o rererangi American kihai i tino paingia. i ratou i te auau o raro i runga i te parirau kiia hoki te kawenga nui whakahaere, tona tūranga rite whakatikaina e kikī here (6.0 ki 8.0 i roto i mig). I kitea ano hoki te reira e waka American iti tahuri koki whāwhā paku raro mahi. Akina-ki-taimaha patu i rererangi Soviet i hoki pai.

Ko te painga ngā whakaterenga tere (rerekētanga ki te mig - e pā ana ki whitu hēkona mo nga Ameliká), ka riro i te mīhini teitei hohoro, kei te tino to tatou kaiurungi arotakea te aritanga i te taonga pairatiraa "Phantoms" me te aroaro o te mema kaumoana tuarua. offloads whakamutunga te nuinga o te pairati, rite aroturuki tonu te rohe o te tuakoi muri a taea whakatupato kua puta ake te rangatira o te riri i reira.

Ētahi wāhi o te whakamahi whawhai

Kei te whakapono te reira e riro te waka tino pai o te Pakanga Vietnam he pairati me te kaiwhakatere S. Ritchie C. Bellevue, i te pūkete whawhai e, kia rite ki nga marite ratou, i reira nga rima MiGs Vietnamese. No te timatanga te mutunga o 60-doma o te tauira rererangi ki te pehu whakawhitia ki haumi Iseraela o Amerika. Hei wāhanga o te mihini o Iseraela Air Force kua kï ratou rawa pai.

Ko ara i reira, i roto i collisions ki mig-21 Ihipiana, i nga i te faatere o te kaiurungi Soviet, kitea i roto i te aua drawbacks katoa. He nui te raruraru e kua whakapumautia nga Israelis i roto i tona rohe i te tuku o whawhai French "Mirage", a kahore e hoki tenei noa kia uru o ratou ki te tahae wahi o te tuhinga hangarau. I roto i te heke mai, "Phantoms" i arotahi ki te whakatutuki i te huaki wero e rererangi o tenei tauira ki te akakoromaki, kahore tetahi amuamu.

Heoi, kihai i ratou i te kaiurungi i tenei oaoa mai "Phantoms" i whakamahia rite waka huaki, e mau ana i te mate kitea (ki runga, ki te 70% o te kaipuke o waka). Ano, ko reira e tika ana ki te kore tenei meka ko 'ulungaanga ngaio tiketike o nga kaiurungi Ihipiana me nga pūkenga pai o te whakataunga Soviet o Soviet Sams kotahi.

i whakamahia rererangi i muri i roto i te pakanga i waenganui i Iran me Iraq (1980-1988 tau), engari i te iti rawa te tahi mau kōrero o to ratou whakamahi whawhai i roto i te hunga tau tonu toe unknown. Heoi, i te wa o te dogfight tuatahi i waenganui i manureva me topatopa, ka i taea ki te patoto i kaha rangi Iraqi te Mi-24 ka whakaekea tona "Phantom" missiles "rangi-ki-rangi."

Kei te mohiotia ano te reira i e i roto i 2012 i te Air Force Hiria koperea iho he "Phantom" Turkey, e te muri whakamahia rite te torotoro.

Ētahi tohunga i roto i te mara o te taputapu me te patu whakapono e te manureva "Phantom" - US toa-rererangi "te toru" whakatupuranga, i te wa o tona hanganga tino smogshy mua o tona wa. Etahi o nga hiahiatanga mo te whakaaro taua ko, hoki i te tauira kua tino angitu, me noho etahi o ona āhuatanga rongonui ki tenei ra.

I teie mahana, noho tenei momo o te rererangi i roto i te Force Air: Ihipa (e pā ana ki e rua waka tatini), nga Kariki, i reira e pā ana ki e rima tekau hou "Phantoms", arā he ano ratou i roto i Iran, engari te rererangi Iranian hoki ki 60 th te tau o te hanganga, me te maha o toe mihini tautururaa unknown. whakamahi te reira i te taua momo o manureva Turkey, te wahi ringa i te iti rawa, kotahi rau me te rima tekau hou "Phantoms", South Korea (e pā ana ki e rima tekau), Japan (kotahi rau rererangi). Me kï reira e whakamahia nga Japanese tauira o tona hanganga ake, o nei kua kua matou whakahuatia i runga ake.

tirohanga hou

toe mīhini o teie mahana USAF pehu whakahou ake i roto i drones ru kino, me te ūnga irirangi-te mana hangaia mō te whakangungu kaha rangi me te rangi korero kauhoe tātaitanga. tuhituhi Amelika e tangohia e te "tangata" rere wāhanga whakamutunga "Phantom" wahi i roto i te pokapū o Paengawhāwhā 2013 (uhinga ki te rere i runga i te rohe US). I mua i te "whakamutunga o nga Mohicans" i whakaaro he mīhini ki te tau hiku 68-0599, meinga tona rere ki te turanga i roto i te koraha Mojave January 18, 1989, a kahore e rere mai.

Ko tenei Waitohungia te US Defence Tari e ka nekehia hohoro te katoa "Phantoms", i teie nei i roto i te rokiroki i te tiaki o te papatipu, me te kia hanga. Kei te mohiotia te reira e, kia rite ki o tenei ra, ki te rokiroki kua nekehia atu i te iti rawa 316 waka o tenei momo.

Aha e meatia e ratou ki te "Phantom"?

whai wāhi kaporeihana American BAE Systems te i roto i te nāna o rererangi me ratou whakarereke muri i roto i te ūnga TN-4C irirangi-te mana. Kei te mohiotia te reira e iku e tukua waka katoa i runga i ki nga ngā taumata reo irirangi-mana motuhake 82nd Squadron (Aerial ngā taumata Squadron - ATRS). Kei te hāngai ia i roto i Florida.

Ka puta i runga i tona mata e taea kia ngāwari taiea i te mua "robotic" rererangi, mai e pania te mutunga o nga parirau me te takere i roto i te tae kanapa whero (ka taea te kite koutou i roto i te whakaahua te manureva "Phantom" o tenei momo o te tuhinga). Kei te mohiotia kua reira e pā ana ki hono i te rau whakahau a raro wae hanga. faafariuraa taua tino kia e taea te whakamahi i te mīhini rite whawhai.

Hei whakaatu i te kaha whawhai o te faafariuhia "Phantoms" i roto i te Hānuere 2008 i runga i te poari tetahi o enei whakarewatanga whakaaturanga i tākirirangi tuatahi hanga "rangi-whenua". Kei te whakapono te reira e taea te tōtika te whakamahi ki te pehi i te tikanga rangi korero o te hoariri i roto i te rererangi UAV faafariuhia. Ahakoa te tōtika o te hangarau iho, e kore te mate o kaiurungi i to ratou hurihia e puta, e ka whakaora i te ora o kaiurungi whakangungua.

Te nuinga pea, i roto i te tekau tau i muri, te hou "Phantom" ki "puku tangata" ka kia hopea mawehe atu i te mahi i roto i nga whenua katoa i reira e tonu taua mihini i roto i te mahi. Na ka titiro ki te mīhini rongonui e taea e rānei i taonga ranei ka haere ki kohinga rererangi tūmataiti. I te pae hopea, te manureva pikitia "Phantom" ka tonu e taea ki te kite i runga i te whārangi o tenei pepa ki a koutou.

To tatou kaiurungi i te whai wāhi ki te aromatawai i te taonga "Phantoms." Me mea te reira e korero nga tohunga Soviet tino o tenei mīhini i roto i te maha tohu, ngā fakatokanga'i te kounga whānui o hoki, hikohiko pai, noho noa o te ūnga me te mahi o te kaiurungi. Hoki, "rerekētanga" i pai-whakapumautia i roto i te rererangi o tenei tauira. Ko te kupu, i roto i te aratau taunga, ko e taea ki te whakarewa i te tākirirangi ranei pōhēhē whakamahi rerekē patu. Aue, rite ētahi wā tupu ki to tatou kaiurungi mig, e, he ngenge, e kore e noa i ahei te haere ki te pēhi ...