Pāpori tëtehi i roto i Russia

I roto i te rau tau 20, tohua pāpori Western he whanaketanga nui, pera inaianei ko te pūnaha matatini o ngā ariā, whakaaro, tikanga, me te ariā. E pā ana pāpori tëtehi ki nga ariā nui o te pāpori o te rau tau 20, me ki te ariā o te pakanga pāpori, te tātari hanganga me te mahi, sociometry, te ariā o te interactionism tohu, te ariā o te utu pāpori me te pāpori phenomenological.

pāpori tëtehi ngā rua ngā wāhi matua:

- tīpakongia rangahau tëtehi i roto i te pāpori, ratou mahi, ko te ki te kawe i roto i rangahau e hāngai ana ki te whakaoti mahi, pai-tautuhi mahi.

- Academic rangahau tëtehi i roto i te pāpori, ratou mahi ko te hanganga o te matauranga pūtaiao e pā ana ki te pūnaha o ngā ora pāpori me ngā wāhi motuhake ki te kia whakamahia rite te pūtake huarahi o te rangahau oraraa totiare.

Kei te whakawhanake pāpori tëtehi i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 20 i roto i te US kore anake, engari ano i roto i Europe Western. pā Māngai o te kura tëtehi rawa te whānuitanga kanorau o ngā ngākau nuitanga, ko nga raruraru matua e solvable pūtake ariā me te huarahi o te rangahau, me te te pā ana me te kōrero pukapuka o tono me mātauranga wāhi.

pāpori tëtehi i roto i Russia whakawhanakehia rite te aroaro o te revolution (P.Petrazhitsky, M.Kovalevsky et al.) A i te tuatahi kotahi tekau nga tau i muri i (A.Gastev, S.Strumilin, A.Todorsky, N.Antsiferov, A.Chayanov, I.Bobrovnikov, A.Boltunov, M.Kornev, M.Lebedinsky, V.Olshansky et al.). Tëtehi Sociology i Russia i te tau 20 ako te raruraru o whakahaere mahi, te whakanui ake i te hanganga o te ahurea, ara o te ora, me te hanga, te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi tohu. I roto i te wawe 30-doma whakahaere mutu taua rangahau i a anō anake i roto i te 70 (YuLevada, A.Zdravomyslov, I.Kon, G.Osipov, V.Rozhin ,, V.Shubkin, A.Harchev, V.Yadov et al.).

I teie mahana huringa whakakitenga tikanga o te matauranga. Hei tauira, VA paihana mohiotia sociologist Russian kōrero te rautaki e whai ake nei o te rangahau hōhonu i roto i ngā huarahi ariā. opua nei e ia ki te hanga i runga i te waihanga i taua o paradigms ariā: te tauira i roto i te pāpori - ko te māramatanga whānui o te kōtuituitanga o ngā ariā, tae atu:

he) whakatamarikitanga o te noa whakahoki taumauri ki te pātai "aha te mea pāpori";

b) whakatamarikitanga o te tetahi katoa whānuitanga o ngā raruraru ki te kia whakawakia i roto i te tauira ngā;

c) āhukahuka o etahi paearu noa mō te tika me te pono o te mau parau tumu o te matauranga i roto i te pā ana ki ngā tukanga pāpori me ari.

Ko te whanaketanga o Russia me pāpori yskoy arotake e toru ngā wāhanga:

atamira 1 (60- 80. rautau ma iwa.). He he he pāpori i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, a i roto i Russia, a, me. Kei te whai whakaaro mai te reira i rite te pūtaiao, e whakamahi ētahi atu ihi rite te "whare putunga" o nga meka e tika ana mo te whanaketanga o ona ture o akiakinga pāpori me statics. I tenei wa, whakawhanakehia pāpori e rua rite te kura matawhenua, organicism, hinengaro: ko te pāpori-psychism me te kura tuakiri.

pāpori tuakiri i hanga ana te mau parau tumu i mua i te tangata atu. Tumu ko te hiahia ki te tohe i te whakaaro o te populism Russian, me te hapori.

torotoro whakaaro aronga hinengaro tūranga hira o ngā āhuatanga ahurea awe te hihiri o te whanonga tangata.

atamira 2 (80 -. 90 19 i roto i.). I roto i tenei wa i hanga tāutatanga antipositivist me Marxism. I tenei wa tukua M.M.Kovalevsky tona mahi "Sociology". matau ia pāpori rite te pūtaiao o te kukuwhatanga, me te rōpū whakahaere o te hapori. haapapu ia e i roto i te pāpori uaua tu'ati ōhanga, hinengaro, āhuatanga matawhenua, engari kahore o ratou, i te wa ano, e kore e puta whakatakotoria.

atamira 3 (ki runga, ki te 20-doma o te rau tau 20). Ārahi kura - neo. I te wa ano i hanga i te "pāpori Karaitiana".

taahiraa 4 (C '80s o te rau tau 20 tae noa ki N.V.). He wā hou, tohua e te huringa whakaari i roto i te pāpori, ka mohiotia nei e te pūtaiao motuhake.