Poem N. A. Nekrasova "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia": whakapakoko, kiripuaki, he kōrero poto. Hei ora pai i roto i Russia?

I te timatanga o 1866 tukua tetahi "Sovremennik" moheni i roto i St. Petersburg, a ka whakatuwheratia e ia rārangi, e he mohio tata katoa inaianei:

"I roto i te aha tau - tatau,

I roto i te whenua - ki te imi ... "

Enei kupu i te ki te utu i te kaipānui ki te ao patupaiarehe-korero whakamiharo, a kei reira ki a ratou timata i roto i te kōrero poto o te hautaka "Hei ora pai i roto i Russia." Neke atu i te wa, he tokomaha kua ako e atu e kia mīharo manu-riroriro, taea ki te kōrero ki te iwi, takapapa magic me rota o te tahi atu mea, whakairo i roto i te mahara o te hunga pānui ki tenei ra. Ko reira kia noho humarie ana tīmata te kōrero poto o "Hei ora pai i roto i Russia", e parau mai ia tatou e pā ana ki te mahinga mōrearea o e whitu nga tangata nei faaoti ki bet nei he ngahau me te ora noa i roto i to ratou whenua Māori.

ngā mōhiohio taketake

Ko te ruri "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" Ko te keokeonga o te hanganga N. A. Nekrasova, a ka poipoia e ia te whakaaro roa nui ki te whakapumautia tenei mahi, tau neke atu i te tekau ma wha i roto i te tuhituhi o te kuputuhi. Ahakoa te meka e kihai i whakahaere ia ki te whakaoti i tenei rotarota, whakatinana reira he pāpori auraa tino hohonu.

Mahi toi ngā wha vahe, e kua ngā ki ia atu, me te korero ki te kōrero o te pehea tohe nga tangata e pā ana ki te oaoa i roto i Russia. I te wa ano tamata ratou ki te whakaaro i te tuatahi kōwhiringa anake e tohu i te ngā rangatira, engari i roto i te mutunga kihai noa ki te whakatau ki etahi kāwai o iwi, no te mea i roto i te meka tamata ratou (rite te kaituhi) ki te kitea rite te oaoa o te iwi.

tū te wahi o te rotarota e i roto i te puka o te haere e taea ai te kaituhi ki te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā peita i te tukanga o te whakaahua āhuatanga rerekē. Kua i te talateu o te kaituhi whakaatu tatou te taunu mohio e pā ana ki te mooni Russian reira, te faaiteraa i te reira i roto i te ingoa e tika ana o nga kainga: Gorelov, Dyryavina, Razutova, Neelova me te tini ke atu.

Getting Started

Kua whakaatu talateu he pikitia o tenei kaiahuwhenua Russia, i reira puta te huru matua o te mahi - he tangata ahu whenua noa, puta rite rite kia waiho te reira i roto i te meka: i roto i rēkena, me te koti o hu tonu matekai, me te pouri o ratou pouri.

Kia i roto i te "Contemporary" moheni whakaputaina a'oraa poto "Hei ora pai i roto i Russia", kua haere e toru nga tau, a anake ki te kua te whakaputanga o te rotarota kua whakahoutia, engari kei te maha ia takitahi i raro ki te aukatinga tino tino i runga i te wahi o te tikanga tsarist, whakapono e tenei te hua he ihirangi rawa kino. I roto i ngā, kua te pene whakamutunga kua whakahē, mohiotia ki he tokomaha o tona ingoa "hakari." Kia aroha mai, ka kite i te kaituhi anake te kōrero poto o "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia", me te whakaputanga o te tahi atu mau pene katoa, kihai i whakahaere ia ki te hopu, no te mea kahore tetahi distortion me motu i tenei ruri whakaputaina i muri i te mutunga o te Oketopa Revolution.

homai tenei rotarota i te mahi o Nekrasov te he wahi pokapū, a ko reira tona tihi wä, me te auaha, te hua whakamutunga o te whakaaro o te kaituhi e pā ana ki whakarau o iwi, tona oaoa, me te te ara ārahi ki reira. Ko enei whakaaro katoa te tumuaki mo te rohi pehe puta noa tona ora, a tonu kitea i roto i ngā tuhituhi. "◊Õlini, te whaea o te hoia", "Railroad", "Nose Frost, Whero" - he mahi nui, i roto i nei kua tae mai te kaituhi ki te maau "Ko wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" enei katoa. Kaiahuwhenua me ahu whenua - ko nga pūāhua matua o tenei hanganga, e heheu te raruraru rite ngā rite taea.

Ko te tukanga o te tuhituhi

He tau torutoru na hoatu ana e ahau te mahi i runga i tenei rotarota, karanga reira tona "tamaiti tino." I roto i te mutunga, tamata ia ki te hanga i te tino "pukapuka rongonui," karanga reira "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia". Kaiahuwhenua mahi pāmu ranei o taua wa kia kua kite te whakaata pono o tona ora me uri taea mahino e founga i aua ra, te nuinga o te iwi ite.

Nekrasov ia ka mea e i roto i te aamu hapu ia ki te tapaea katoa tou matauranga o te iwi, me katoa i i rongo ia i nga ngutu o te iwi noa. Ko te kupu, i hanga e ia he hautoa tūturu o te ora kaiahuwhenua, a ka karanga ia "Ko wai Mo'uí Well i Russia". whakaata Matrona Timofeevna te whakapakoko o te kaiahuwhenua Russian tūturu, te faaite i te taketake huru me te mau parau tumu te ora.

I haukotia Nekrasov mahi ammonite e te mate mea mate o te kaituhi, kia whai tatou ki te mahi, a ka haere mai oti. Heoi, ahakoa tenei, tonu te reira tapatahi maere toi, me te wä.

mau mai i takoha

I roto i tona mahi, i taea ki te whakahauora i te momo o te iwi hautoa Nekrasov. Ki te tae mai te reira ki te mahi pono o te iwi, i rerekē ki te nui-tauine image hautoa o te ora o te iwi, me te tona tangi wä me te waihanga o nga pātai taketake o te wa, haere mai te reira ki te ngakau ko "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia". Matrona Timofeevna me maha atu pūāhua maungärongo i toku mahara me ngā he ahurei, pūāhua tūturu. Ko te kaituhi i taea ki te whakamahi i whānui ngā kōrero tuku o iwi toi, me te te taairaa piri o tona reo whiti ki te whare puka o korero, me te lyricism waiata-i rawe ki nei tikanga.

Nekrasov ruri ano kua etahi āhuatanga e he āhuatanga o te talena tino. Engari o te huru motuhake ko te taiao o te iwi noa rite te katoa, a ka whakaatu te āhuatanga ora tino rerekē porowhita pāpori. whakahuatia view o te mea tūturu o te iwi i roto i te rotarota iho i roto i te whanaketanga o te kaupapa, e whakaatu ana matou e kua whakaaturia te katoa o Russia me ngā ngā rite te perception tūturu o kaimahi haereere, a kua aroaro ki te kaipānui, me te mea i roto i to ratou ake moemoea.

ihirangi

I roto i te "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" whakakitea raruraru ora motu kei roto i te ki tonu i. Ngā kaupapa whakahaere o tenei mahi e wahi i roto i te tau tuatahi i muri i te whakatamarikitanga o te whakahou i te 1861, aru e te whakaoranga o te peasants. Ko te koraha me te iwi ratou i konei ko te pai, he aito pono, a ki reira te kaituhi o ratou tūmanako mo te heke mai kanapa, ahakoa pai mōhio pēhea te ngoikore e taea e te porotēhi kaiahuwhenua no o te pangore o nga tini ki te kawe i roto i tetahi mahi orurehau nui.

I roto i te "wai Mo'uí Well i roto i" faaite kaiahuwhenua raruraru i roto i te puka o Savely kaiahuwhenua, ko tona ahua he haamana'oraa o te "Russia Tapu me aito topa-" e whakatinana ana i te itoito ore, me te kaha o te iwi. I roto i te Savely whakaaturia āhuatanga toa rongonui o te hautoa motu. Tenei whakapakoko Nekrasov ia hono ki te kaupapa pokapū o te rotarota - ". Pai ora wai i roto i te Russia" te rapu mo te ara ki te oaoa o te iwi, e whakaahua ana i te Analysis o te rotarota hanga whakarongo motuhake Matrona Timofyevna ta e Savely haere: ". Ko rawa Lucky" Oaoa protagonist he volnolyubiya me māramatanga o te faufaa te pakanga o te iwi, no te mea ki anake te ara whakatutuki i tino te "whai mamatanga" o te ora.

atu whakaahua

Ko enei huānga kia fakangalongata'a roto tokomaha atu rotarota ko "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia". tātari whiti taea ki tatou kite i te rota o whakapakoko fakangalongata'a o peasants, tae atu atamai Vlas koroheke, kua kite nei he rota i roto i tona ora, ko Yakima Monmartre, i te mea he tangata ahu whenua angamaheni. E tano ia tapao e tuhituhi te kaituhi e kore ko Yakim Naka paerewa kaiahuwhenua oto, me te kuware, puta i te kainga fakapēteliaké. Hohonu mōhio o tona kororia, tamata ia rawa kaha ki te tiaki i te honore o te iwi, ka mea whaikōrero a ahi i roto i te korero o te iwi katoa.

Pānui "Ko wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" i te pene, ka kite koutou e te hoatu rawa te wāhi nui i roto i te rotarota ki te whakapakoko Ermila Kirin, i te mea e pirau, me te parakore "arai o te iwi", e faaoti ki te haere mai ki te korero o peasants whakakeke, me te pae hopea ka i roto i te whare herehere.

Matrona Timofeevna

Ataahua wahine image Matrona Timofeevna whakakitea i roto i "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" i te pene, i reira te tamata i te pehe ki te whakaahua i nga āhuatanga āhuatanga o te kaiahuwhenua Russian. Te kōrero e pā ana ki te wahi wahine pakeke, i tuhituhi Nekrasov he maha rawa o ngā rotarota whakaongaonga, engari ki te nui te aroha, me te mahanahana ki i whakaahua ana ia i roto i tona pehepehe Matrenushku, i kore te tuhituhi ia.

pūāhua Tuarua

Fakataha ki te pūāhua ngā o nga mahi kaiahuwhenua e te marea e te aroha, me te whai wāhi i roto i te wahi, tamata hoki Nekrasov ki ngā me etahi atu momo o kaimahi e te hunga i roto i te ahua o te iari - sycophants, pononga ngohengohe, waea kahurangi me hunga tika. E tano ia tapao e tamata te pehe ki te whakaahua i enei whakaahua i roto i te tahi mau pepe Sapphire, me te mārama ake ko tautohe kitea o te koraha, ka puta mai te atu whakapono i roto i to ratou tuku, me te whakatau he atu aroha o te kaituhi whai wāhi i roto i te haehaa e slavish, servility me obsequiousness.

Ko tenei e founga te "wai Mo'uí pai i roto i" kaupapa kōrero whakaahua ana "he pononga hi'oraa maitai" Hakopa, e pae hopea ite pehea haama ko noho a reira te tūranga. I muri i taua, ua faaoti ia ki te huihui ki te tino rawakore, me te pathetic, engari i te wa taua nanakia i roto i tona hinengaro slavish o utu - whakatau ia ki te whakamate ia ia i roto i mua o tona kaiwhakaruruhau.

Hoki i konei e tika ana Ipat, māngai nei i roto i te pehepehe rite "flunky tairongo" me te kaiwhāki Egorka Shutov, riro te taitara o "te tutei o tona" riro hoki te wāhi nui i roto i "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia". Ko te kairetiwhare i muri tona matenga, i mahue he pai ai i roto i i whakahau ia ki te tuku o te waru mano peasants, engari te kainga tuakana o Gleb whakawai e ngaahi tala'ofa, me te pae hopea ua faaoti ki te whakangaro noa te tuhinga.

whakaaro huna

Whakaatu ta'efaka'apa'apá, karakia, kuware, ka mahue te nui kainga Russian taua wa, tamata Nekrasov nui taea ki te fakamamafa'i te āhua rangitahi o nga taha ngā o te ora kaiahuwhenua, e mua kua tonu neke i roto i te tino. Ao i ta'angá i anō i roto i tenei mahi tohu wahi rerekē pāpori me te tokomaha nui o collisions ki ngā whakahēnga ora koi.

Hei tauira, "Ko wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" kaiwhakarëti Obolt-Obolduev nei tutaki manene, a i te aroaro rite he "Chubby, puzatenky, rosy me usatenky" heheu tino te wairangi i me te kore noa iho o te iwi e kore e nei whakamahia ki tino whakaata i runga i to ratou iho oraraa. Huna i muri i te kanohi o te pai-natured, e whakaatu ana anake he angalelei huatau, me te manuhiri hahakitanga, kei te mau tonu te kaiwhakarëti ki te riri, me te whakapehapeha, a ia e papaki ana te whakahaere ki te roto i te mauahara me te whakarihariha mo kaimahi.

Hoki, whakapakoko o "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" satirically tuhia nanakia rangatira pārera rangatira whare-iti, kua riro nei te īngoa o te-peasants whakamutunga. Motuhake "ngutu ihu, ano te kahu," he titiro konihi, hiahia me te waipiro - ko anake te atu āhuatanga ahua whakarihariha o te māngai angamaheni o te taiao kaipupuri whenua ki tonu i te despots rerekē me kaipupuri whenua feudal tenei katoa. Waihoki, mahi tenei mahi kia ngā me te ahurei, whakaritea ki te toenga.

Te āhua e te ihirangi o "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" ngā te taumira o te whawhai hoki etahi tangata noa nei e ngana ana ki te whakatau i te tikanga, e ora atu fiefia i roto i enei iwi: ko te kingi, minita, tohunga, kaihokohoko, papa'i parau kairetiwhare ranei. Heoi, i roto i te whanaketanga o te mahi o tenei rotarota Nekrasov āta tīmata atu ki tua atu i te wahi i i whakaturia pōauautanga, a kei te tīmata kaimahi ki te titiro māngai kore anake o te akomanga pule. Te tai'oraa i te ihirangi o "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia", he reira taea ki te utu whakarongo ki te meka e kua timata te tautohe ki te rapu i roto i roto i te iwi noa, e ngana ana ki te kitea te tangata e ora oaoa, a ko ratou o muri e mea-tika e e ngana ana ki te kitea te oaoa o te iwi, te wahi kaiahuwhenua pai - municipality unskinned, kawanatanga me te kainga izbytkovo unwhipped.

Whakaahuatanga o ngā raruraru tūturu

Mai i tenei kōrero i roto i te ahua o te arearea kaituhi āhua poluskazochnom ki atu me te ake i runga i te wā te ara reira ki te tikanga o te pātai e pā ana ki te oaoa, kia e te hoatu he pāpori auraa nui koi. Te nuinga o te mana'o taketake o te kaituhi i roto i "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" taea te kite peasants o aua wa i roto i te wahi o "hakari", engari i te wa i rāhuitia reira e te re. i Kōrero e pā ana ki Grisha Dobrosklonova, i timata i roto i tenei wahi ki te hei i te kaupapa matua o te oaoa i roto i te whakamahinga me te aroraa tonu. I roto i tenei pene, kua tika mea te kaituhi e pā ana ki te ara, me te o te ara iku taea e arahi ki te whakatinanatanga tino o te oaoa o te iwi. Grisha ki te oaoa takoto i roto i te pakanga mohio mo te heke mai hari o ratou ake iwi, a ka hiahia ia ki te "nga kaiahuwhenua i roto i Russia Tapu noho ngahau me te humarie." Rite whakakitea Nekrasov i "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" te raruraru o te oaoa, i whakaaro ia tetahi o te nui tino i roto i tona ora.

Grisha image whakaoti te raupapa o "kaiwawao o te iwi", kua whakaaturia nei e te kaituhi i roto i tona whiti. tamata Nekrasov ki haapapu te huru o tona e pā tata ki te iwi, te pea o te kōrero pūmau ki te peasants, te ia ki a ratou, i roto i te meka, tomo ahau te mahara tonu ka ko e taea ki te kitea te tautoko. Ko te kupu, faauruhia Grisha titiro e te rohi pehe matakite, e faaoti ki te tango i runga i te tūranga slagatelya "waiata pai" mo tana iwi.

Mahi toi "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" Ko te tauira nui rawa o te kāhua iwi o te raupapa katoa o te rotarota o Nekrasov. He momo o te patupaiarehe korero me te iwi-waiata huānga o te rotarota taea te mutunga hoatu a reira he ahua o te huru motu, me te kua he hono hāngai ki te whakapono Nekrasov i te mea e taea e he heke mai nui mo te iwi Russian. Ko te kaupapa matua o te rotarota i rapu o te oaoa, a ka haere ki te whānuitanga o waiata iwi, tales iwi me ētahi atu puna, i roto i nei i mea nui e pā ana ki te meka e rapu i te peasants te hari whenua, taonga, pono, taonga me te ake. Kei te faaite tino tenei kaupapa te moe tino atawhai o te iwi, tonu e ia te whai o te oaoa, me te te moe tau-tawhito o nga iwi katoa i runga i te āhua o ki te whakatutuki i te tikanga pāpori tika.

Tenei pehepehe tamata Nekrasov ki te whakamahi i ngā momo tata wātea katoa o momo o iwi-rotarota i Russia, tae atu ki ngā maongoonga, ngā pakiwaitara, tales, whakatauki, kupu ngaro, kupu, me te rota o waiata rerekē. Ko te kupu, te whakamahi i pakiwaitara, ko ia mīharo taonga rauemi ki te whakawa i te ara kaiahuwhenua o te ora me te tikanga o te kainga.

ki tonu kāhua rotarota e ki te taonga o oro aronganui, me te he momo nui o āhua whiti, tae atu i te mata ataata nanakia ki te talateu kōrero leisurely, i te mea ka i roto i ngā wāhanga tīmata ake me te ake whakakapi i te polyphony huru mano ataahua, manuki Sapphire i roto i te "whakamutunga whanau-", he aau lyrical me hohonu whakaari i roto i "kaiahuwhenua Woman" rite te pai kia rite ki te pathos orurehau me mānukanuka toa i roto i te pene "hakari."

E ai ki te mahi o Nekrasov i taea ki te whakaatu pehea ia mana'o pai, me te aroha ia te ataahua o te natura Russian i roto i te ahopae te raki. Mā te whakamahi i te whenua i konei kitea te ki te waihanga te oro aronganui, me te ki te kia e i roto i te "wai Mo'uí Well i Russia" taea te kitea he huru o te wairua tino ake me mārama.

te tikanga tenei katoa e homai tenei rotarota ko te wahi motuhake i roto i te rotarota Russian, no te mea te reira tino e whakaata ana te peita pono ta'emanavahē o te ora iwi, tapae reira i roto i te koreutu, o te fabulousness me ataahua whiti o te iwi toi me te pūhohe me karanga hanumi ki te hautoa pakanga hou. tamata tenei N. katoa A. Nekrasov ki faaite nui taea ki te kaha toi, tuku tona mahi tahuti ore, mohiotia ki he tokomaha i roto i to tatou ra.

Ko Ko te aha te "Hei ora pai i roto i Russia" e tūtohutia pānui mo te tangata ia, no te mea e tauturu i tenei pukapuka ki te whakautu i ngā pātai e whakatika hoki he tokomaha i teie mahana.