Pūmua-whākōkī: te tūranga o te āhuatanga, te mahi o whākōkī pūmua i roto i te tinana

I roto i nga pūtau ora i reira ko te huinga o te tauhohe matū. Whākōkī (whākōkī) - pūmua ki mahi motuhake, me te tino nui. Ko ratou i huaina biocatalysts. Ko te matua mahi o whākōkī i roto i te tinana, ko te ki te whakatere tauhohe matüora. E huaina nga rauemi tīmata, catalyzed nei i te pāhekoheko o enei rāpoi substrates, me te pūhui whakamutunga - hua.

I roto i te natura, he whākōkī pūmua mahi anake i roto i ngā pūnaha ora. Otiia i roto i te hangarau koiora hou, whakamahia tātaritanga haumanu, pharmaceutics me rongoā whākōkī e purea ranei ratou complexes, me te atu wāhanga e tika ana mō te mahi o te pūnaha, me te raraunga mātakitaki mo te kairangahau.

Te auraa koiora me ngā āhuatanga o whākōkī

Te kore enei rāpoi kaiao kore i taea mahi ora. Kei te mahi ngā tukanga ora katoa feongoongoi whakawhetai ki te whākōkī. Ko te mahi matua o te whākōkī pūmua i roto i te tinana - te ture o te pākia e. Te kore ratou, e kore e taea e te mea pākia noa. Ture o te mahi o ngā rāpoi ngota e wahi i raro i te mana o activators (whāpoapoa) inhibitors ranei. Mana mahi i ngā taumata rerekē o te kōtuitanga pūmua. Ia ano "mahi" i roto i te faatura o te rāpoi ngota oti.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o whākōkī pūmua - pū ki te tïpako ngā. Na, i runga i, te kaha ki te catalyze anake te kotahi iti iho ranei te raupapa o ngā tauhohe. Tikanga, He reversible enei tukanga. Hoki te mahi o ngā mahi e rua haepapa kotahi whākōkī. Otiia e kore e katoa te e.

He faufaa te tūranga o whākōkī. Te kore ratou, tangohia kore tauhohe matüora wahi. Na roto i te mahi o whākōkī, tauhohenga ko reira taea ki te hinga i te arai whakahohenga, kahore nui whakapaunga o te pūngao. I roto i te tinana, kahore he taea ki te mahana i te pāmahana ki runga 100 ° C, ranei te whakamahi o matū pūhui pukuriri ano he taiwhanga. herea Pūmua-whākōkī ki te tïpako. I roto i whakarerekētia te āhua herea te, aru e te tuku o te muri. Ko tenei no te mea kei te whakamahia katoa o te kaiwhakakökï i roto i te kōtuitanga matū.

He aha ngā taumata o te whakahaere o te pūmua muingota-whākōkī?

Tikanga, enei rāpoi i te tuatoru (globule) quaternary (e rave rahi globules hono) hanganga pūmua ranei. Tuatahi, kei te synthesized ratou i roto i te ahua rārangi. Na ka korukoru ki te hanganga e hiahiatia ana. Ki te whakarite i te mahi o te biocatalyst titau te tetahi hanganga.

E ngaro e whakawera, uara tino o pH, pūhui matū kaitaua whākōkī me ētahi atu pūmua.

āhuatanga atu o whākōkī

I roto i enei āhuatanga ko te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

1. Stereospecificity - te hanganga o tetahi anake hua.
2. Regioselectivity - whati i te here matū whakarerekē rōpū ranei i tetahi anake tūnga.
3. Chemoselectivity - catalysis kotahi anake tauhohenga.

mahi rawa

Ko te taumata o te pū whākōkī rerekē. Heoi, kaha tonu tetahi whākōkī i runga i te tïpako ngā rōpū o pūhui rite i roto i te hanganga ranei. e kore e kaiwhakakökï Non-proteinaceous whakaatu tenei taonga. Pū tamau whanganga here (mol / l), e taea e ki runga ki te 10 ^-10 mol / l. Mahi tere whākōkī hohe. Kotahi rāpoi ngota catalyzes nga mano-milioni o ngā tohutohu ia te rua. Ko te tohu o te whakaterenga o tauhohe matüora tino (1000-100,000 wā) ki runga ake i te kaiwhakakökï tikanga.

hanga te mahi o whākōkī kei i runga i te maha o tikanga. puta te pāhekoheko māmā ki tetahi rāpoi ngota o tïpako, aru i te hanganga o te hua. Te nuinga o whākōkī taea here 2-3 rāpoi rerekē huru. Hei tauira, te whakawhiti o te ngota ranei rōpū i tetahi pūhui ki tetahi, ranei te whakauru rua i runga i te "ping-pong". I roto i enei tauhohe nuinga hono kotahi tïpako, ka hono te rua o nga rōpū mahi e te whākōkī.

Ko te ako o te huarahi paru o mahi e wahi i roto i te tikanga:

1. Whakatau hua takawaenga, me te whakamutunga.
2. Studies o te hanganga me te āhuahanga o te rōpū mahi herea ki te tïpako me te whakarato i te nui tere o te tauhohenga.
3. Irakētanga i roto i nga ira o te paru me te faaotiraa o huringa i roto i tona kōtuitanga me te mahi.

Active me te pae here

Tïpako rāpoi ngota nui iti atu i te pūmua ko te pūmua whākōkī. Na reira, ko te here he tika ki te maha iti o ngā rōpū mahi o te biocatalyst. hanga ana e ratou te pae kaha, arā, o te huinga motuhake o ngā waikawa amino. I roto i te pūmua matatini i roto i te hanganga o te rōpū prosthetic nonprotein hakari āhua, kia hoki e hei wahi o te pokapū hohe.

kia tohatoha te reira i te rōpū motuhake o whākōkī. E ratou i roto i te rāpoi ngota ngā te coenzyme here tūturu muingota me e kapea ana i reira. whākōkī pūmua Fully i hanga huaina holoenzyme, a ka tango i te cofactor - apoenzyme. Ka rite ki maha haa ngā hoa huaora, konganuku, pärönaki o turanga nitrogenous (nad - nicotinamide dinucleotide adenine, FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide, FMN - flavin mononucleotide).

whakarato pae here te marena motuhake ki te tïpako. Nā ki i hanga reira he matatini tïpako-whākōkī pūmau. hangaia hanganga Globule kia rite ki te kia i runga i te mata o te wāhi (wāwāhi hikinga ranei) o te rahi etahi e whakarato ana te here o te tïpako. Kei te nuinga o tēnei rohe kei tata te pae hohe. No te tahi mau whākōkī, i reira he wāhi ki te hono ki cofactors katote whakarewa ranei.

mutunga

Pūmua-whākōkī e whai wāhi nui i roto i te tinana. Taua matū catalyze he kawenga mō te pākia tauhohe matū - pākia. I roto i tetahi pūtau e noho tonu puta rau o tukanga matüora whai wāhi tauhohe whakaiti, wāhinga me te ariā o te pūhui. Tonu i te piti hāora o matū ki te tuku nui o te pūngao. Ia, i roto i te tahuri, kua pau i runga i te hanganga o te warowaihā, pūmua, te ngako, me o ratou complexes. Ko te hua wāhinga he āhuatanga hanganga e hiahiatia ana mo te kōtuitui o ngā pūhui matū waro.