Tau whakarea o retireti waku me te okeoke

I roto i ngā āhuatanga whenua neke i tetahi tinana (haere mai i roto i te neke ranei) i roto i te whakapā ki te taiao e karapoti ana taonga ranei ki ētahi atu tinana. I roto i tenei take, e ara ope e whakarato ātete ki to ratou kaupapa. E huaina ēnei ope ope waku whakawhiti ratou wahi o te pūngao pūkaha o nekehanga ki pūngao ā, haere tahi nei i tinana whakawera me te taiao.

He waho, me te ā-waku. Ā-(te kore i huaina pokey) ko te takanga o ope tangential i waenganui i te apa neke inu hau ranei e ārai tenei kaupapa.

I roto i te rerekē, puta waku waho i te whakapā o totoka i roto i te puka o te kaha tangential ki te mata, me te arai i to ratou kaupapa tahi. Te reira i, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki pateko (waku pateko) me kinematic. puta waku Static ina ngana koe ki te neke whanaunga tinana tetahi ki tetahi pahoho. vai Kinematic i waenganui i neke tinana, i roto i te whakapā ki ia atu. Ka taea te wehea waku waho ki waku awhiowhio, me te retireti.

He aha te mea te auraa tinana o te waku? Ko reira whai hua kino ranei? I mawhiti tuatahi, te waku anake ārai kakahu tatou wahi mīhini, potae motokā, kua murua kapu hu, me ētahi atu ka te whakatūnga .. nekehanga Tu'uma'ú kore he taea noa hoki tenei take. Engari titiro tata tata. Waku ngaro - e kore tatou e nehenehe e haere e kore pukapuka YUV ranei wahia atu te waka mutu neke ranei. He maha nui o ari tinana e hāngai ana i roto i te ao i runga i te waku. e kia taea kahore reira - te whakatutukitanga matua e rua o te taata nei e kua āhua i te whanaketanga o te ao - production o te ahi, me te tenenga o te wira.

hāngai ana tēnei āhuatanga i runga i te kōtītiti o tetahi tinana: kotahi kakari i roto i te whakapā piri tonu ki te roughness mata o te tahi atu. Hoki te maitai maheni (hei tauira, āta oro) papa piri pātata ki tetahi ki tetahi, nga ture o te waku rāpoi i runga i te attraction tahi o nga rāpoi ngota.

Hono ako te waku pūtaiao tribology. I roto i te 1781, whakatakoto ahupūngao French C. Coulomb te ture taketake o te waku maroke. Empirically, kitea nga kairangahau e te kaha waku ko te F, tupu i roto i retireti, he tika hautanga ki te kaha mahi i runga i te tinana N pēhanga noa. Tenei hononga Ko e whai ake:

N: F = k ∙ N;

te wahi i te k rahinga - waku whakarea (whakarea hautanga). tatau Ko tōna uara i rite whai: whakanohoia te tinana kei runga i te papa pānaki, me i tilting i uru reira he nekehanga ōrite. I roto i tenei take, he rite ki te kaha waku F te kaha peia o P:

∙ F = P hara he;

He rite ki te P ∙ cos te te tōpana N (kaha pēhanga noa); reira k = TG he. Ko te tau whakarea o te waku i konei te pātapa o te koki mata tokonga i ai te tinana kiriata kaupae, ie. E. I te tere tamau.

I roto i te mahi, e taea te tātai tona utu āhua anake. Ko te mata o te tinana, te tikanga i roto i tetahi tohu ranei tetahi poke he waikura, waikura, me te tahi atu poke. whakarea te waku takoto hoki ngā pairwise o rauemi rerekē i ngā, kua whakaurua ki tepu tohutoro motuhake.

Okeoke waku kakau i te meka e te paku aki he wira pokarekarenga ki te mata ara, ie. E. E ki te hinga i te toropuke iti. Ko te uaua te ara, te iti te tukinga me iti kaha waku. tatau tōna uara e i roto i tenei take e te tātai: F = k ∙ N / r, i roto i nei r - uara o te pūtoro wira. Nō reira, ko te whakarea te waku awhiowhio kua he taha roa. Ko te tikanga kua whakahuatia i te reira i roto i henimita rite te ātete ki te whakarea waku retireti, i te mea he rahinga rahi.

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te vai te whakarea te waku ā-kore anake ki totoka engari ano hoki ki te wai. Ko te Hydraulics Kei te maha hiahiatia ki te tātai i te mate pūngao motuhake i roto i ngā pūnaha waipēhi puta i roto i te pipelines. Ko ratou o rua nga tu: mate i runga i ahu te roa i roto i putorino tika ki te rere kākahu, me mate rohe e tika ana ki - deformation rere tika ana ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te āhua hongere (hukihuki, roha, hurihanga). E tatau parekura waipēhi te whakamahi i te uara taua, e kiia nei ko te "tau whakarea o te waku waipēhi".