Vahiraa o dielectrics

Ko te āhuatanga i roto i nei puta i roto i te insulator iti i roto i te nui o utu e pā ana-displacement, i reira te mea he tahuri dipoles hiko, riro te taitara i roto i te ahupūngao vahiraa o dielectrics ranei. I roto i tenei tukanga kia puta rānei noa, e tika ana ki take ā, i raro i ranei te mana o ope waho, te tuatahi o te katoa, nga mara hiko.

āhuatanga te tukanga whakaata physico-pāngarau e te pere vahiraa e tohu ana i te kau dipole, kite nei i roto i te pā ana ki te nui o te rōrahi uruhanga. Tino maha i roto i te horopaki tinana o te whakamahi ngā māmā - te vahiraa. whakamahia tēnei tawhā te kore anake ki whakaata i te āhua macroscopic. Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira ki te whakaahua i tetahi ari ki ngā āhuatanga e tohu i te vahiraa o dielectrics.

I runga i te pūtake o tenei tauākī, ka taea e tatou te hanga i te tohumate noa o te āhuatanga. he āhua pērā o te uruhanga i roto i nei kitea ai te aroaro o te kau dipole i ia wāhi o tona rōrahi, me faaite te vahiraa o dielectrics.

he rangirua i roto i te natura tenei āhuatanga. Te wehe i taua momo rite te vahiraa piri o dielectrics, meinga e te e te mana o mara hiko waho, noa, i hanga i roto i te ngaro o āpiha waho vahiraa pūkaha (ferroelectric) e i hanga e te mahi o āpiha aunoa, wera nei whakatika tika ki piki me te pāmahana.

Ko te taa o te vahiraa rite te āhuatanga tinana he e kua reira tata kore pānga i runga i te uara o te tiaki katoa o te uruhanga ōrite, e kore te mea katoa mata o tona rōrahi tīpakohia. I te wa ano, puta vahiraa i te hanganga o te utu here i runga i te mata uruhanga. Enei utu Ko nga puna o te parae ki etahi mānukanuka atu, whakahaua nei ki te pere o te parae pere waho.

Nui i roto i te mea tu, me te vahiraa o dielectrics whakarōpū rite ki ona ake tikanga. I roto i te faatura i tenei reira ngā taua momo:

- Hekenga he āhuatanga o ngā rauemi i roto i nei te hanganga e mārama ngā papa kitea ki kawe ia rerekē. āhuatanga taua vahiraa e te mahi whakaroa;

- te vahiraa hiko ko ki te neke i te anga o ngā ngota i raro i te mana o mara hiko waho. Tenei - ko te momo tere o te vahiraa;

āhuatanga katote e te taua āhuatanga rite te hikohiko, engari i roto i tenei take kahore he displacement o anga o ngota, me te neke kōpuku hanganga - ripekapeka karaihe matū;

- āhuatanga dipole, ranei e kiia ana ko takotoranga vahiraa e nui te parekura, te take o te mea te utu nui o te pūngao ki te hinga i te hononga ā-roto i te uruhanga. Hoki te takotoranga o te vahiraa o uruhanga tītohunga āhuatanga o te takotoranga pai-tautuhi o dipoles;

āhuatanga irahiko whakangā e he koha takotoranga motuhake o irahiko -;

- dielectrics katote-whakangā vahiraa whakaaturia i roto i te neke katote e riro ngoikore hononga ā-me whakaritea stably i roto i te hanganga kōpuku karaihe wini whakakahokaho rauemi;

- Kei te whakaaturia te poraka ano i roto i te ngā takotoranga āhuatanga uruhanga, engari i roto i tenei take enei āhuatanga ko te ngā poke, e Kei roto he taonga uruhanga. puta atu āta tenei vahiraa;

- māhorahora (noa) kitea i roto i te dielectrics ki te tawhā uruhanga tiketike rawa, kua karangatia e ratou ferroelectrics;

- tāpiritanga āhuatanga hāngai uruhanga auau o te irahiko i iarere mahi ki runga mara, i konei, i ata korero, he ingoa taua.

Ka rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te wā katoa, ki te kahore hoki te vahiraa kōwaro, tona uara tae te mōrahi i roto i mara pateko.