Kaha mara Electric

Ia tiaki hiko a tawhio noa mara hiko. Ka rite ki te hua o physicists rangahau roa kua mutu matou e te ngā i waenganui i tinana whakatupato he tika ki te mara hiko e karapoti ana ia ratou. Ko ratou he puka motuhake o te mea, te whäriki nei i hono ki te tiaki hiko katoa.

kawea Ako o te mara hiko kei roto i na roto i te whakauru ki reira tinana pai i ako. E kīia ēnei tinana ki rite "utu whakamātautau". Hei tauira, i ako tiaki whakamātautau rite maha whakamahia puru pōro.

A, no te hanga i te tiaki whakamātautau i roto i te mara hiko o te tinana, e kua he ako pai, ka afe te atu ngāwari pōro te mamaku pai whakatupato i raro i tona mana, te piri e kawea ai e matou ki te tinana.

A, no te neke i te tiaki whakamātautau i roto i te mara hiko o tetahi tinana i ako taea ngāwari te kite e te tōpana mahi ki runga ki taua mea, ka kia rerekē i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē.

Hei tauira, ka whakanohoia i roto i te raupapa i roto i te wāhi parae taua rerekē whakamātautau rahi utu pai Q1, q2, Q3, ..., qn, kia kitea e koe e te tōpana ki runga ki a ratou, F1, F2, F3, ..., he rerekē FI, engari te ōwehenga o te kaha ki te rahi etahi tiaki mo tenei mara tohu tonu:

F1 / Q1 = F2 / q2 = F3 / Q3 = ... = FI / qn.

Ki te i roto i tenei tikanga ka tūhura ngā rerekē o te parae, whiwhi tatou i te mutunga e whai ake: hoki ia wāhi takitahi i roto i te mara hiko e faaitehia te te ōwehenga o te ope ki runga ki te tiaki whakamātautau ki te nui o tenei tiaki, me te ngā wā katoa ahakoa o te uara o te tiaki whakamātautau.

Mai i tenei whai reira e te uara o tenei ōwehenga faaite te mara hiko i roto i tetahi o ona ngā. Ko te uara whanganga i te i te ōwehenga o te kaha puta i runga i te tiaki pai whakanohoia i taua wāhi o te parae, te rahi me te tiaki ki te kaha mara hiko ko:

E = F / Q1.

Ko reira, he mārama i tona whakamāramatanga, rite ki te ope i mahi i runga i te wae o te tiaki pai whakanohoia i te wāhi ngā o te mara rite.

Ko te kōwae o te kaha o te mara hiko o te fariiraa i kaha mara mahi i runga i te rahi tiaki o tetahi wae ki te kaha hiko o tetahi dyne. huaina ana tēnei kōwae ko te wae hiko tino o te mānukanuka.

Hei whakatau i te kaha mara hiko o tetahi q tiaki wāhi i te wāhi noho i roto i te mara A o te tiaki wehea e te i te reira e te r1 tawhiti, kia tenei kia whakanohoia i roto i te wāhi noho tiaki whakamātautau Q1 me te tātai i te kaha Fa, e mahi i runga i te hua (korehau).

E ai ki te ture a Coulomb :

Fa = (q1q) / r²₁.

Ki te tangohia e tatou i te ōwehenga o te ope e pā te tiaki ki tona Q1 uara, he reira taea ki te tātai i te mara hiko o te mānukanuka i pūwāhi A:

Ea = q / r²₁.

Ka taea hoki te kitea e koe te kaha i roto i te wāhi B te noho; ka waiho reira rite ki:

Eb = q / r²₂.

Na reira, ko te kaha mara hiko o te tiaki ira i te wāhi ngā o te parae (i roto i vacuo) ki te kia tika hautanga ki te rahi o te tiaki, me te inversely hautanga ki te tapawha o te tawhiti i waenganui i tenei wāhi, me te tiaki.

tavini te kaha mara rite ona āhuatanga mana. E matau i te reira i tetahi wāhi o te mara E, e mea ohie ki te tātai me te whai i te F, mahi i runga i te q tiaki i te wāhi i homai:

F = Whakaipurangi.

Ko te hiko mara - pere rahinga. ngā aronga mānukanuka i roto i ia wāhi motuhake i roto i te parae e ki e faaitehia te te ahunga o te tōpana i runga i te tiaki pai whakanohoia i roto i te wāhi.

I roto i te hanganga o te mara e rave rahi utu: Q1 me q2 - kaha E i tetahi wāhi A o tenei mara ka kia rite ki te moni āhuahanga o E1 me E2 mānukanuka hanga i te wāhi i homai wehe utu Q1 me q2.

taea te whakaatu i te mara hiko i tetahi wāhi kauwhata e te wāhanga whakahaua e putake mai i tenei wāhi, rite ki te kaha whakapakoko, me te tahi atu rahinga pere.