Konurehu pākawa waro

Mai i te waikawa carbonic ngoikore (ko reira iti ātete a taea anake te tīariari i roto i rongoā memeha) na roto i te tauhohe i ki tai kawakore me reo waikawa whiwhi e te kore i huaina bicarbonates me pākawa waro, aua. whārite Tauhohenga taea te tuhituhi: H2CO3 + KOH → KHCO3 + H2O me H2CO3 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + 2H2O. I roto i te hohoko tuatahi o pāhare pāporo hydrogencarbonate, me te tuarua - pāhare pāporo pākawa waro. Tātai tote waikawa - KHCO3, me te toharite - K2CO3. papatipu titiwha o konurehu pākawa waro rite ki te 138,2 g / kamiriona. I roto i te ahua rite te tote paura, tioata ma, kahore he combustible nei, rewa ana i 891 C, i waho pa te wāhi e koropupu, decomposes te tote. Konurehu pākawa waro hygroscopic, ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai: 100 ml i te 20 ° C - 110,5 g, me i 100 C - 156 go o te tote. Otiia i roto i te waipiro hauwaiwaro ranei, e kore e tenei taonga memeha.

I roto i nga ra tawhito o konurehu pākawa waro, ka karanga hopi, te kupu mai i te ingoa Latin «potassa». Hopi ko tetahi o te tote matamua, e kua mohiotia ki te iwi i mua. I roto i Europe, ki runga ki te rau tau whakamutunga, ko hopi tetahi o nga matū tino nui e whai uara arumoni. I roto i Russia, mo te hanga o te hopi e Pita te nui i roto i 1721, i whakapumautia te heriheri. I reira, te rohe o te Russian Federation, me te i roto i Armenia, katatānga, Peraruhia, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Moldova, Uzbekistan ko te matū hipokina e te GOST paerewa halá 10690-73. pā ana hopi, rite ki te GOST 12.1.005-88 ki te toru mōrearea matū piha haapiiraa, i roto i te whakapā ki te kiriuhi mucous kiri hou ranei ai ritenga.

Ki te he putawera te ranunga o te konurehu pākawa waro ki te wai, ka he rota o te wera i roto i tona whakakorenga, i.e. K2CO3 paparetanga tauhohe, me i raro i te mahi o te wai te hanganga o ngā matū hou. tote Dibasic o te waikawa carbonic he stepwise hydrolyzed. i hanga Tuatahi tote waikawa: H2O + K2CO3 → KHCO3 + KOH. Na, puta tuarua te atamira whāwehe ruarua te wai kua tote waikawa: H2O + KHCO3 → H2CO3 + KOH. Mai te tauhohenga wai o konurehu pākawa waro me te tahi atu Mariao o ngoikore ngā waikawa puta ki te hanganga o ngā ngota hydroxyl he nui atu i te 7 tonu OH-, te pH o ratou wairewa waiwai, me te reo, ko te kawakore.

Hopi i roto i te rau tau 17 i roto i Russia i whiwhi e te wīra pungarehu rakau. I roto i te waka rakau i rite otinga alkali, riringi pungarehu mahana te wai. Ko reira tenei otinga ringihia ki te takuahi o pereki ki tahu wahie. i ö konurehu pākawa waro apa rawa mātotoru i te raro o te takuahi i te hopi mau tangohia, ka whakatakotoria ki runga ki nga oko, tanumia ratou hermetically. E hiahiatia ana he tetahi pūkenga, ki te otinga i mimiti, a kihai i whai ngakau ki te ahi. Na reira, ko te mahi "polivachey" anga ki te whakaako i roto i o ratou taiohi, me muri anake i te tau torutoru mahi riro etahi pūkenga, me te riro i te ariki o tona mahi. Hei tauira: i hanga te tahunga ahi tonu pungarehu ma te wahi nui o taua mea, - he hopi. whakatinana teie mahana atu te tukanga ahumahi - whiwhi i roto i haere-iahiko o te konurehu waihā i hauhā: 2KOH → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O. Ko te hua ko te hopi, me te wai.

whakamahia konurehu pākawa waro i roto i te hanga o hopi, me te karaihe. I roto i te taiwhanga, kei te whakamahia te reira rite te desiccant ngawari i roto i te wā ka tahi atu āpiha pērā i konupūmā pūhaumāota ranei konupora pūkawa, e kore e whakaaetia. Ehara i te mea e tika ana mō te maroke pūhui waikawa, engari kia whakamahia ai mo te whakamaroke o ngā hua organic ki te ihirangi iti o poke waikawa. Kei te whakamahia konurehu pākawa waro mō te whawhai ahi o te piha haapiiraa B, mai pā reira ki puehu matū me te nehenehe o hëoi ka tinei te tukanga ngingiha. He he tōtika tupohe i runga ake i tai pērā i te konutai pākawa waro, te konutai pūkawa, te konutai pūkōwhai konutai hauwai pākawa waro ranei. Ko tōna kakama inhibitory o tukanga parariraa he teitei hoki atu taua o te konutai pākawa waro, te konutai pūkawa, te konumohe ōkai me te konupūmā pākawa waro. I roto i te ahumahi karaihe whakamahia K2CO3 te i roto i te hanga o te taiwhanga (whakangutungutu), karaihe whatu hopi ranei, me te karaihe mo te karaehe hanga. I tua atu, hopi hiahia i roto i te ahumahi matū, ahuwhenua, hauora, me te kai.