Ko te kaiwhakarewa o te tikanga cathartic o hinengaro Breyer Yozef: haurongo, mahi me meka ngā

Breyer Yozef - he rata Ahitereiria me te physiologist, e kua karangatia e Sigmund Freud me etahi atu te kaiwhakarewa o psychoanalysis. i taea e ki te whakaora i te mate i tohu tangi ia i muri ia hypnotized ki te āwhina mahara ia nga āhuatanga kino o te mua. korero ia e pā ana ki tona tikanga, me hua ki Sigmund Freud, a hoatu ana ia ratou tūroro.

Yozef Breyer: biography

Fanauhia i runga i 01.15.1842 i Vienna, a mate iho ki reira 20/06/1925. Matua Yozefa Leopold (1791-1872) ko he ahorangi o te haapa'oraa mahi e te hapori Hurai Viennese. fakamatala'i Breuer reira rite nō ki "te whakatupuranga o Te Tai Rāwhiti Pākehā Hurai, e te tuatahi ka haere i roto o te irirangi hinengaro i runga i te rangi o te ao Western."

mate tona whaea, i te pā ana ki wha tau i ia, a ka pau nga tau wawe o te ora Breyer Yozef me tona kuia. whakaako ia Matua ki waru, a ka tomo ia te Academic Gymnasium i Vienna, whiwhi i te 1858. Ko te tau e whai ake nei, i muri i haere i te akoranga o te mātauranga University, haere Yozef Breyer ki te kura hauora i te University o Vienna me puta i te whakangungu rata i roto i te tau 1867. I roto i te taua tau, i muri i tonu te whakamātautau, ka ia rata kaiāwhina Johann Oppolzer. A, no te e mate i roto i 1871, tīmata Breuer tona ake mahi tūmataiti.

Best tākuta Vienna

I roto i te 1875, ka Breuer ahorangi kaiāwhina o te therapy. rihaina ia i tona pou Hōngongoi 7, 1885, pera i whakakahore ia te uru ki te manawanui ki nga whāinga akoranga. Ia kihai ano ki te tuku i te taote Billroth whakaingoa ia mo te taitara o te Ahorangi Tuarua. Ko tōna hononga ōkawa ki te manga hauora i na te riaka.

I te wa ano, kua mohio Breuer rite tetahi o nga taote pai me pūtaiao i roto i Vienna. ka te mahi i tona moni matua, a ahakoa kotahi karangatia e ia ia he "kaimahi whānui", ko ia huaina aha tenei ra ko te kaihaumanu. Ētahi whakaaro o te ingoa o te Breuer taea hoatu te meka e he maha ahorangi o te Medical Faculty, me te Sigmund Freud me te Pirimia o Hungary i roto i tona tūroro. I te 1894 ka pōtitia ia ki te Vienna Academy o Sciences, i runga i te tono o ona mema o tino nui, ahupūngao Ernsta Maha me physiologists Evalda Geringa me Sigmund Exner.

ora whaiaro

Haratua 20, marenatia 1868 Breyer Yozef Matilda Altmann, e whanau e rima tamariki ia: Robert, Bertha Hammershlyag Margaret Schiff, Hans ko Dora. Dora te tamahine a Breuer tukua whakamomori, e kore e hiahia ki te kia mau ake i nga kau Nasí. patua ratou tona mokopuna Hana Breuer Schiff. ora te toenga o ona uri i roto i Ingarangi, Canada me te United States.

mahi pūtaiao

ako Breyer Yozef rongoa i roto i Vienna, a riro ana tohu i roto i te tau 1864. ako ia te whaiaroaro o te thermoregulation me respiration (Hering-Breuer pūpū). I te tau 1871 ka timata ia tona mahi i roto i Vienna. I te wa ano whakahaere rangahau i runga i te mahi o te taringa roto (Makapera-Breuer ariā o te rere o te inu endolymphatic). Hoko ko ha rata i roto i te 1874, ka hoki ia ki ona akoranga i roto i te 1884.

Breuer ko he hoa o te tākuta whānau me ētahi o ngā mema o te College Kaiako o Vienna me te hapori nui o te whakapaipai. puritia e ia ki runga he reta ki te toi, kaituhi, philosopho, kaimātai hinengaro me hoa i roto i to koutou mara, a i roto i 1894 i pōtitia ia he mema ōrite o te Academy o Sciences.

kaiwhakawa pai o kaupapa, i hiahia i roto i te ariā o te matauranga, me te ariā turanga o Darwinism, whakapumautia nei e tona whai wāhitanga i roto i te amuiraa i roto i te 1902 me te utu o reta ki Franz von Brentano Breyer Yozef. Ko ia he wāhi kaha i roto i te kōrero e pā ana ki te taketake o tōrangapū me te Māoritanga, me te mea te aparauraa o te toi, tuhituhinga, me te waiata.

Ka rite ki te Hurai marama, ka whakaritea, ka mau ia ki te ahua o te pantheism, kua riro ratou ki runga ki Goethe ko Gustav Teodora Fehnera. Tona parau tino i mea Spinoza suum esse conservare ( «Save ki te tīariari"). I pu ia e te ahua o te ore me, e whai ake nei William Makepeace Thackeray, "rewera" engari "e takoha ia ki te ui ki tetahi matauranga whiwhi hou. Nā ki te matauranga taipitopito o te hītori o ngā whakaaro, hītori o ngā āhuatanga pāpori me te tōrangapū o tona tau, kia rite ki te pai ko take e pā ana ki tona ora ake, whakapono ia e ko te reira tata e taea ki te tango i mahi pāhekeheke.

Ko te pūtake o te ako i ki Breuer i whaiaroaro ki te kitea te hononga i waenganui i te hanganga me te mahi, a ko te kupu whakakitea te ahua teleological o te tono. I hiahia i roto i te tukanga ture i roto i te puka o tikanga mana-whaiaro ia. Rerekē te maha o physiologists i roto i te biofizikalistov kaupapa pera-ka karanga, faauruhia e Ernst Brücke, Hermann von Helmholtz me Du Bois-Reymond, whakapono Breuer i te neo-vitalism.

te timatanga o te psychoanalysis

I roto i te tau 1880-1882 i te rongoā ia he kuao manawanui Bertha Pappenheim (Anna O.), nei i tukua e te mare io me maha atu tohu hysterical (hīrere huru, huringa i roto i te āhua o te mahara, raruraru ataata, pāpāngia me hukihuki, aphasia). I roto i kōrero roa, me te tākuta tana paroita kite i ngaro etahi o nga tohu o te mate, i te riro haamana'oraa o ratou faaiteraa tuatahi, a taea ki te whakaputa uri pānga kua faaho'ihia mai te whai pānga. Kua tupu tenei i te wa etahi i roto i āhua avtogipnoticheskih māhorahora. I runga i enei kitenga, tuatahi i tupono, te manawanui, me te rata ki te whakawhanake i tētahi tukanga pūnahanaha āta tohu takitahi ai haamana'o i roto i te raupapa wā whakamuri noa ngaro ratou i muri i te tārua tonu o te scene taketake. I te tahi taime i roto i therapy whakamahia rotu tāwhaiwhai, ki te kahore i te manawanui i roto i te āhua o te whaiaro rotu-.

I roto i te therapy hiahiatia noho pūmau o Anna O. whare hauora tata Vienna no o te nui haere te tūpono o te manawanui suicidal. Ahakoa te mārama, me te angitu ohorere o te tikanga, noho etahi o nga mau faaiteraa o te mate. ngā enei he wareware reo taketake ratou rangitahi me te roro trigeminal kaha, i hiahiatia maimoatanga ki rehunanu he faatîtîraa. No te mea o enei tohu, tuku Breuer hoki maimoatanga atu ki te tākuta Lyudvigu Binsvangeru i Bellevue hōhipera i Kreuzlingen i Hōngongoi 1882. i tukua ia i roto i Oketopa, ki te whakapai ake, engari e kore e tino ora.

Mahi ki a Freud

I roto i te 1882, kōrero Breyer Yozef runga ake take ki tona hoa Sigmund Freud, ko wai i 14 tau tona teina. I muri timata te mahi toketā neave te whakamutunga, whakamatauria e ia tenei tikanga i runga i o ratou tūroro. I runga anō i te ariā o Charcot, Pierre Janet, Mobius, Ippolita Bernhayma me etahi, kua tahi whakawhanakehia e ratou te pūtake ariā o te mahi o te taputapu ira tangata me ngā tukanga whakaora, i huaina e ratou "te tikanga o catharsis," kōrero ki ngā whakaaro o Aristotle e pā ana ki ati mahi (catharsis rite te purenga o nga kare whakarongo ).

I roto i te 1893, whakaputaina e ratou he pūrongo tuatahi "I te huarahi psychical o ari hysterical". E rua tau i muri mai i aru i te reira e "Studies i runga i tangi,", "kokonga-kohatu o psychoanalysis", whakatakotoria nga turanga i roto i te mara o te mate hinengaro. Ko te pepa e te pene i oti rawa ki te ariā (Breyer), tetahi atu therapy whakatapua (Freud), me rima mau aamu take (Anna O., Emmy von N., Katarina, Lucy R., Erihapeti von R.).

Care o psychoanalysis

tonu Freud ki te whakawhanake i te ariā me te tikanga i te mahi tahi ki a Breuer (neuroses paruru, free o feohi). kihai i Josef whakaae o te hiahia mo te accentuation motuhake o ngā āhuatanga fakasekisualé ka kite ona hoa i te tohu whakatūpato o wehe. I roto i 1895, i te tawhiti i waenganui i a ratou nui haere, i arahina ki te mutunga o to ratou mahi tahi.

Tonu ki te whakaatu i te anaanatae i roto i te whanaketanga o te ariā Psychoanalytic, te tikanga cathartic Breyer Yozef maturuturu iho. muri te whakaaro Freud te whakapae i i koimutu haukotia maimoatanga o Anna O. tika ki te whakawhitinga kaha erotic, aru e te hapūtanga hysterical me te whanau. Tenei putanga o ngā toe langa e Freud ko Ernest Jones noa, i roto i era atu mea, e kore e taea te tu ähuatanga hītori. More whakamātau tata ki te whakaatu i ko he whakaahuatanga o te take o Anna O. tinihanga, kua kore i tāruatia nga meka.

tuakiri pūkenga

I hoa ki tokomaha o nga pūkenga kānapanapa o tona wa Yozef Breyer. whakahaere ia i te reta roa ki Brentano, ko te hoa tata o te rohi pehe Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach me hoa ki Makapera, nei tutaki ia roto i rangahau o te taringa roto. whakaaro o Breuer i runga i ngā pātai tuhituhi, me te taumauri, āhua, koa faatura whānui. korero Breyer maha reo: hei tauira, whakahaere te maimoatanga o Anna O. wa roa i roto i te reo Ingarihi. Ko te whānui me te hōhonu o tana ngākau nuitanga ahurea i tika i rite rerekē, me te nui, me te ona whakatutukitanga hauora, me te pūtaiao.

Yozef Breyer: ngā meka

• I muri tona manawanui i hanga Anne G. tāpiritanga kaha taua, e mau ana i te āhua fakasekisualé korerotia, mahi Breyer Yozef i hinengaro, tono whakapā tika ki neke tūroro ki Freud o.
• kitea Breuer e whakatika tika ki ngā tukanga ta'oto tohu pōhewahewa, ka haere ka riro ratou mōhio.
• whakatutukitanga Zigmund Freyd i hinengaro e hiahiatia ana ki Breuer, e fakafe'iloaki ia ki ona āhuatanga, ka hoatu ia ia ratou tūroro.
• I roto i te tau 1868, whakaahuatia ana e ia te pūpū Hering-Breuer, e whai wāhi ki te whakahaere i te inhalation me hau i roto i manawa noa.
• I te tau 1873 ka whakatuwheratia e Breuer te mahi tairongo o te ruawhetū poroiwi awa a Ihakara o te taringa roto, me to ratou hononga ki te takotoranga i roto i te wāhi, me ki te tikanga o te pauna.
• I roto i tana i pai ai, ua faaite e ia tona hiahia ki te kia tahuna, a ka meatia ai.