Ko te locomotive korohū tuatahi i roto i te ao: hītori me ngā meka

Ko te timatanga o te revolution ahumahi i roto i Europa e tika ana ki te tenenga o te pūkaha mamaoa whakamahia tuatahi i roto i te ahumahi keri me te raranga. maha Engineers tenenga tohunga spodviglo urutau reira mō ngā take transportation. Kaupapa o te tuhinga - locomotive mamaoa tuatahi o te ao, me meka ngā pā ana ki tona ahua.

hiahiatanga

mohiotia te papu wai te ki te taata mai tawhito. He maha ngā rau tau i ki tika, e kua ako ai ki te whakamahi i te pūngao o te korohū, i runga i te tono mahi o nei te tuatahi i timata Velikiy Leonardo da Vinci. steam pūkaha Takitahi, hanga i te mutunga o te rau tau XVII - steam kōhua Wīwī fakasiisiii Papena (1680), te papu Ingarihi Thomas Savery (1898) - ko te rarity tūturu.

Te hanga i tētahi pūkaha kōkeke haumaru, i roto i nei patia te wai te, te hono reira ki te ingoa o te pakeha Thomas Newcomen (1711). Whakapai ake o enei whakaaro i kawea mai nga rehe o Glasgow James Watt rongo te ao,. E riro ia i te ārai mo te hanganga o te pūkaha mamaoa (1769), e tika ana mō te whānui tono i roto i te ahumahi.

locomotive tuatahi o te ao ki te whakapumautia i muri i te parau tumu o te tenenga: te wehenga o te puoto matua me te condenser, kihai i tukuna mo e whakapau pūngao i roto i te whakawera tamau o te nekeneke. hoatu Production o engines korohū i runga awa i roto i te 1776 te whakawhetai ki te putanga o tahuri, mira, me te tōtika mihini.

i hanga 66 engines e 1785. Heoi, ki te hoatu nekehanga Rotary ki hiahiatia te take mahi i engine steam whakakapi rua. arai Watt reira i roto i 1784, a na 1800 i te whakamahia kē ia i roto i ahumahi katoa, peia i te tahi atu motokā.

Richard Trevithick

Ko wai whakaaro te pūkaha mamaoa tuatahi i roto i te ao nei? tamata Ko tētahi o te tuatahi ki te whakamahi i te pūkaha mamaoa mō ngā take transportation Wīwī Nikola Kyuno, nana nei i hanga te hariata whaiaro-tīhokatia (1769). I taua wa, i kore noa i whanau Richard Trevithick.

He taketake o Cornwall (Ingarangi), te rohe keri rongonui, whanau te ma'imi i mua nei i roto i te utuafare rahi i roto i te 1771-m. ko he miner faaturahia tona papa, a ka hinga i roto i te aroha ki ana pāngarau tamarikitanga tamata Richard ki te whakahaere i te mahi i raro i te whenua, te whakapai ake i te engines steam me papua miner. I roto i 1801-m mo nga hiahia o te hinonga i hanga e ia he pereoo - he tauira o te pahi tuatahi, i muri mai ka whānui rite te aratau motuhake o te waka. Ko he locomotive korohū he ara (te tau o te taenga o te ārai - 1802 th), ka karanga te faarahi Tiapolo.

Ki te i mōmona Watt Motors no o te whakamahi o te steam pēhanga iti, e kore te reira e wehi R. Trevithick nui e rave rahi taime (ki runga, ki te 8 atmospheres). noho Power te taua, ko te rahi o te pūkaha e tino heke, i he nui hoki te whanaketanga o te waka. ähua Watt ki reira tōraro, hāunga nui-pēhanga haumaru.

whakamātautau

maka i hanga huapae rino i roto i South Wales, te ihi i te wa noho i roto i Cambourne. empirically whakamatauria Trevithick e ka i roto i te whakapā ki maheni skidding wira maeneene e puta kaha waku rawaka ki te neke i te pūkaha, ara ki te utaina he kaata huti ki te waro. Ko te tino nui i roto i te tirohanga o te mau opuaraa mahi o te hinonga.

Hoki ngā tono ahumahi te locomotive mamaoa tuatahi i roto i te ao hanga i roto i te tau i mua tona tamataraa (1803). Mō ratou nga niupepa Ingarihi tuhituhi i roto i te Hui-tanguru o 1804, korerotia te whakamahi o te mīhini whakaaro mō te transportation o 10 taranata o rino. hariata whaiaro-tīhokatia i runga i huapae taupokina te tawhiti i roto i te 9 maile, me kua nui haere te aronga o te haere te pakeke o te utanga ki runga ki te 15 tana - ka mau e pā ana ki 70 te iwi i te whai wāhi ki te piki ki runga ki te eke i raro i te haruru whakaae o te mano. Ko taua te tere ki te 5 maile ia haora, ia kore e hiahiatia ki te tāpiri i te wai ki te kōhua. Otiia ko reira kihai i taea i horahia locomotive cumbersome rawa na tonu Trevithick ki te whakapai ake i te hoahoa.

Hopu ahau Ko wai E

Hoki te tauira hou, i huaina "Hopu ahau wai E", i runga i nga waho o London Trevithick hanga ara tereina mowhiti. whakapono ia e kamupene paanga i roto i te mīhini hou. Obnesya whakamatau ano whenua taiepa nui, ia haamata noa ki te hoko hiahia ki te eke tīkiti, tumanako ki te taupoki ana utu, me te hanga i te pai. Ko te pūkaha hou taea te tere ki runga ki te 30 km / h.

Otiia i tutuki te kaupapa. pāhihi locomotive tuatahi o te ao, i hanga hoki ngahau, e kore ngā te whakarongo o industrialists. Nā ki te pakaruhanga o te rail rino, ka tahuri ia i runga i, he tukua kino. kihai i Trevithick noa whakahokia reira, mahi atu mahi. I te 1816 ka haere ia ki a Peru ki ngā i roto i te haamauraa i ona engines i roto i te maina rohe.

Tuhinga Trevithick: Interesting Facts

Tae noa 1827, noho te ma'imi tino i roto i Amerika ki te Tonga. E hoki ki te whenua, ka kitea ia e kua pai whakamahia me whakawhanakehia e te tahi atu Engineers ana whakatutukitanga. mate ia i roto i 1833, he tata te tangata rawakore,. Ko te raruraru matua, e kore e whakaaetia ki te whakatinana i ana whakaaro i te tahuri o te rau tau, ko te kore o rori. pau ia tona waimarie i runga i te ara mahinga motuhake mō kaata korohū, ka wetekina a ratou i nga rakau, me te kohatu.

Kua arahina e te locomotive mamaoa tuatahi i roto i te ao ki te maimoatanga o James Watt i Ingarangi Pāremata, rāhuitia legislators engines ki te pēhanga teitei korohū. E kore te ture i whāngai, engari kua whakatārewatia tonu reira whanaketanga Trevithick.

utu Watt ki tona ākonga o tahae te whakaaro o hanganga o te pūkaha mamaoa i roto i "Botton ko Watt" te kamupene o. Tenei meinga he take nui, akina Trevithick tiakina tona ingoa pai.

i roto i te tau 20 anake i whakaturia mo te waka mamaoa. Kei te hono te reira ki te ingoa o George Stephenson.

Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te rerewē faufaa tūmatanui

I roto i te ora o Trevithick, i 1825, i te pereoo i hono te Stockton, a whakatuwheratia Darlington. kaipūkaha whaiaro-whakaako Dzhordzh Stefenson whakaaro he hoahoa watea e taea ai te locomotive i runga i huapae maeneene wahia te hanganga taimaha. I roto i tona tenenga te wāhi nui takaro huapae ratou, ara i te mea tonu lahi i roto i te Western Europe (1,435 mm). Locomotive i roto i te whakatuwheratanga o te rerewhenua oma ia Stephenson, a aru ana i muri i te Cavalcade o kaieke tipitipi atu i roto i uri. Ko te miharo o te mano i matau kahore rohe. Te tere i 24 km / h.

Hoki ngā hiahia tūmatanui locomotive o te ao steam tuatahi Stephenson hanga i roto i te tau 1814. hipoki ia he tawhiti o 30 km, ko e waenga-rau, hipoki katoa o Europe i ki te whatunga o reriwe. timata Locomotives e mau ana e kore taonga anake, engari ano hoki te iwi.

putanga Soviet

I roto i te Soviet Union mo te wa roa kī reira ki kua whakaaro te locomotive Stephenson mua Cherepanov. whakapae i reira te papa me te tama, ahakoa a Western Europe. I roto i te meka, tae mai Miron Cherepanov Ingarangi, te wahi i kite ia i te hoahoa i runga i te huapae. Hoki mai ki Vyisky whakato, tamata ia ki te tārua te mea ka kite ia, engari tonu i te whanaketanga o tana whakaaro ka mau e rua nga tau. whakamatauria locomotive korohū tuatahi o te ao i runga i huapae i roto i 1804 (he tokomaha whakaaro tenei rā te ra o te whanautanga o te pūkaha), ka puta mai te "poti whenua" i roto i Russia i 1833.

I whakamahia te reira mo te transportation o te ore huna noa te reira i te ngahere katoa i roto i te takiwā. whakakapi Locomotives te hoiho-unu, whakaaro e pā ana ki te tenenga i muri i rua i tetahi tau.

Ko reira pākiki

I roto i te Cambourne te whakapakoko o Richard Trevithick pupuri tona hariata he ara tuatahi, amo te ingoa o "e hongi ana i te rewera." Ka taea te kite i te tauira i roto i te maha taonga whakatapua ki te hītori o te steam locomotive. A kei hea he ia locomotive mamaoa tuatahi o te ao?

Kia mutu ahau i nga hōtēra ma'imi, wareware ki te whakaiti i te wera, i tautoko te pāmahana kōhua. A, no te mea kua kohuatia atu te wai, te kaata ki te ahi. Kati hoki te meneti torutoru, na ko reira kore ake. Heoi, e kore e pouri i te reira i te oaoa Trevithick, tonu ki te mahi i runga i mahi hou.

Kei te haamo'e ngaro tona wahi o tanumanga, engari ingoa o kaipūkaha pūmanawa tuhituhi i roto i te reta koura i roto i te aamu o te ao nei.