Nobel toa Russia me te Soviet Union i te ahupūngao, ohaoha, me te tuhinga

E whakawhiwhia Nobel Taonga tau i roto i Stockholm (Sweden) me Oslo (Norowe). E whakaaro ratou nga tohu te ao tino whaimana. Whakapumautia to ratou Alfred Nobel - te Swedish ma'imi, kaiwetereo, tycoon, tahatai, me te tangata tohe. haere ana ia ki raro, i roto i te aamu rite te ihi o te mua (i arai i roto i te 1867), te whakatangihanga a te wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga ahumahi o to tatou paraneta. I roto i haaputuhia e Alfred Nobel kawenata korerotia i e fuoloa ana penapena katoa ki te pūtea, te whakaaro o nei - maui taonga o te hunga e whakahaere ki te kawe mai i te painga nui ki te taata.

Ko te Nobel

Paraihe whakawhiwhia tenei ra i roto i te mara o te matū, ahupūngao, rongoā, tuhinga. whakawhiwhia hoki te rangimarie paraihe.

ka Russian laureates Nobel mo tuhituhinga, te ahupūngao me te ohaoha e te aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga. kia koe e maheni ki o ratou haurongo, ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakatutukitanga.

he tiketike Nobel utu. I 2010, ko tona rahi āhua $ 1.5 miriona.

whakaturia te Nobel Foundation i roto i 1890.

Russian Nobel laureates

Ka taea e to tatou whenua e whakakake nga ingoa o, whakamoemiti ki a ia i roto i nga mara o te ahupūngao, tuhituhinga, me te ohaoha. Nobel toa Russia me te Soviet Union i roto i ēnei wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• Bunin A. I. (tuhinga) - 1933.
• Cherenkov P. A., Frank I. M. me Tamm I. E. (ahupūngao) - 1958.
• Pasternak BL (tuhinga) - 1958.
• Landau L. D. (ahupūngao) - 1962.
• Basov N. G. me Prohorov A. M. (ahupūngao) - 1964.
• Sholohov M. A. (Literature) - 1965.
• Solzhenitsyn AI (tuhinga) - 1970.
• Kantorovich L. V. (ohaoha) - 1975.
• Kapitsa PL (ahupūngao) - 1978.
• A. Brodskiy I. (tuhinga) - 1987.
• Alferov zh I. (ahupūngao) -. 2000.
• Abrikosov A. A. ko Ginzburg, L. (ahupūngao) - 2003;
• Andre Geim ko Novoselov Konstantin (ahupūngao) - 2010.

Rārangi tūmanako ka tonu i roto i tau i muri mai. Nobel toa Russia me te Soviet Union, nga ingoa o nei faahiti runga ake matou, kihai i te aroaro tino, engari anake i roto i ngā wāhi pērā i te ahupūngao, tuhituhinga, me te ohaoha. I tua atu, tohua te feia faatere i to tatou whenua o i roto i te rongoa me te whaiaroaro, te matū, ka riro e rua tohu i roto i te ao. Ko mo ratou, ka kōrero ano tatou i te tahi atu te wā.

laureates Nobel i Physics

i whakawhiwhia maha physicists o to matou whenua tenei tohu whaimana. Korerotia mai ki a matou ake e pā ana ki etahi o ratou.

Tamm Igor Evgenevich

whanau Tamm Igor Evgenevich (1895-1971) i roto i Vladivostok. Ko ia te tama a te hanga metarahi. I roto i te tau, i ahau i roto i Scotland i te University o Edinburgh, engari ka hoki te kāinga, ka puta i roto i 1918 i te Faculty o Physics. haere pūtaiao Future ki te mua i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, te wahi mahi ia kia rite ki te teina o te aroha. I te tau 1933 ka awhina ia tona tuhinga täkutatanga, me te tau i muri mai, i roto i te tau 1934, ka he kairangahau i te Institute o Physics. Lebedev. mahi tenei pūtaiao i roto i nga mara o te pūtaiao, e kua iti ako. Na, ako ia relativistic (arā, e pā ana ki te ariā rongonui o ngä, whakaarohia Albertom Eynshteynom) rehe aronui me te ariā o te karihi ngota. I roto i ona 30 matahiti te mutunga whakahaere tahi me ahau M. Frankom ki te whakamārama i te pānga o Cherenkov-Vavilov - puru tīrama inu e puta i raro i te mana o te kama. Ko reira hoki enei rangahau riro muri ia te Nobel. Ko te Tamm whakaaro ana whakatutukitanga matua i roto i te pūtaiao mahi i runga i te ako o matūriki timatanga me te karihi ngota.

Landau Lev Davidovich

whanau Landau Lev Davidovich (1908-1968) i roto i Baku. mahi tona papa rite te mataaro hinu. I te tau o ma toru nga tau, puta te pūtaiao heke mai i kāreti ki hōnore, me i kotahi tekau ma iwa, i roto i 1927, puta ia i University Leningrad. tonu LEV Davidovich tona mātauranga ki waho rite tetahi o nga ākonga paetahi tino pūmanawa i roto i te utunga Commissar. Here whai wāhi ia i roto i hui i whakahaeretia e ārahi physicists Pākehā - Paora Dirac ko Max Born. Landau i hoki mai te kāinga tonu e ia ona akoranga. I roto i te 26 tau, kua tae te reira i te tohu o Doctor o Science, me te tau i muri mai ka he orometua. Fakataha ki Lifshitsem Evgeniem Mihaylovichem, tetahi o ona ākonga, whakawhanakehia e ia he akoranga mo te paetahi me te paetahi ngā ākonga i roto i te ahupūngao ariā. karangatia P. L. Kapitsa Lva Davidovicha ki te mahi i roto i tona'inisititiutí, engari he marama torutoru i muri i te pūtaiao i roto i te tau 1937 i runga i te faahaparaa teka hopukina. Hoki te tau katoa a ia kahore tumanako o te faaora i roto i te whare herehere, a anake te tohutoro ki Stalin Kapitsa ora nga ora o tona ora: i tukua Landau.

Ko matamaha te taranata o te kaipūtaiao. faataa e ia te āhuatanga o te fluidity o haumāmā wai, i hanga e ia te ariā o wai aronui me ako oscillations o irahiko wē.

Prohorov Aleksandr Mihaylovich

Prohorov Aleksandr Mihaylovich me Basov Nikolay Gennadevich, Russian toa Nobel i te pūtaiao o te ahupūngao, riro tenei tohu whaimana mo te tenenga o te taiaho.

whanau Prokhorov i roto i Ahitereiria i te tau 1916, te wahi i noho ana matua mai i 1911. I whakahekea ratou ki Siberia i te kāwanatanga tsarist, a ka rere ki waho. I roto i te 1923, ka hoki te whānau ki te pūtaiao i mua nei i roto i te Soviet Union. puta Alexander ki hōnore i te Tari Physics o University Leningrad, a mahi mai 1939 i roto i te Institute. Lebedev. Ana whakatutukitanga pūtaiao e pā ana ki te ahupūngao irirangi. kawea te pūtaiao i atu i roto i te 1950 me te reo irirangi-auau hihinga i roto i te taha ki Basovym Nikolaem Gennadevichem whakawhanakehia nga masers pera-ka karanga - oscillators rāpoi. Ngā mihi ki tenei tenenga, kua kitea he ara ki te waihanga i tētahi ngaru irirangi takiwa. Taua rangahau, ahakoa o ratou hoa Soviet whakahaere me Charlz Tauns, he ahupūngao American, na faaoti mema o te komiti ki te faaite i tenei tohu ki waenganui ia me nga pūtaiao Soviet.

Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich

Ko te rārangi haere i runga i "laureates Russian Nobel i te ahupūngao". Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich whanau (1894-1984) i roto i Kronstadt. Ko tona papa he tangata hōia, Rūtene-Tianara, me tona whaea - tango o pakiwaitara me te kaiako rongonui. PL Kapitsa i roto i 1918 puta i te Institute i St. Petersburg, te wahi ako ia i raro i Ioffe Abrama Fedorovicha, he ahupūngao tino. I roto i te horopaki o te whawhai metarahi me te revolution kihai i reira taea ki te mahi i te pūtaiao. ka mate te wahine a Kapitsa me rua o ana tamariki i roto i te urutā mua. oho te pūtaiao ki Ingarangi i te tau 1921. Here mahi ia i roto i te rongonui Cambridge University Center, a ko tona kaitohutohu pūtaiao Ernest Rutherford, te ahupūngao rongonui. I roto i te 1923, ka Pita Leonidovich te tākuta o sciences, me rua tau i muri mai - i te mema o Trinity College - feohi faingamālie o pūtaiao.

mahi te nuinga Pyotr Leonidovich i te ahupūngao whakamātautau. cryogenics Ngā hiahia. Rawa hoki ana akoranga i roto i te UK ki te awhina o te Rutherford Laboratory i hanga, a na 1934, kua hanga te kaipūtaiao he tāutanga mo te aro o te haumāmā. Petr Leonidovich i roto i aua tau i maha i te kāinga, me te wā haerenga ki te kaiārahi Soviet ki te whakapati i te pūtaiao ki te noho. I roto i te tau 1930-1934 noa rawa hanga taiwhanga i roto i te whenua mo ia. I roto i te mutunga reira tika e kore i tukua i te Soviet Union i roto i te farereiraa i muri. Na reira tonu Kapitsa ana akoranga kua konei, a ka ko ia taea i roto i te 1938 ki te whakatuwhera i te āhuatanga o te superfluidity. Hoki tenei i roto i te 1978 i whakawhiwhia ia ki te Nobel.

Andre Geim ko Novoselov Konstantin

Andre Geim ko Novoselov Konstantin, Russian toa Nobel i te ahupūngao, riro tenei tohu hōnore i roto i 2010 mo tona tūhura o Graphene. Ko te rauemi hou e taea ai e koe ake i nui te tere o te mahi ipurangi tenei. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, Ka taea e horo i te reira, ka tahuri ki te pūngao hiko te nui o te 20 ngā wā marama neke atu i tetahi rauemi mohiotia i mua. tuhia tēnei kitea te 2004. Na ka eke te reira te rārangi o "laureates Nobel Russian o te rautau 21."

Taonga mo te Literature

Kua tonu kua rongonui mo tona auaha toi to tatou whenua. Iwi ki ētahi wā hoariri whakaaro me ngā tirohanga - Russian laureates Nobel i tuhinga. Na, i ātete A. I. Solzhenitsyn me I. A. Bunin ki te tikanga Soviet. Otiia i matau M. A. Sholohov rite te kominiusi pūmau. Heoi, i piri e tetahi toa katoa o te Nobel Russia - taranata. Hoki ia, i whakahonoretia e ratou ki tenei tohu whaimana. "Kia pehea te maha toa Nobel mō te tuhituhinga i roto i Russia?" - ui koe. Whakahoki kupu: i reira e rima anake. Na whakamōhio matou a koutou ki etahi o ratou.

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich

whanau Pasternak Boris Leonidovich (1890-1960) i roto i Moscow i roto i te utuafare o Leonida Osipovicha Pasternaka, he toi rongonui. Mother o te kaituhi heke mai Rosalia Isidorovna, ko te piana pūmanawa. Mahalo ko tenei he aha Boris Leonidovich rite te tamaiti moe o mahi a te kaitito, ako noa ia waiata i te rawa Skryabina A. N. Otiia riro te aroha o te whiti. Boris Leonidovich kawea rongo whiti me te pūrākau "Doctor Zhivago", oti rawa ki o te intelligentsia Russian te whakarau, i whakataua ki a ia ki te tamataraa. Ko te take i te ētita o te makasini tuhituhi, i tapaea te kaituhi tona papa'i, whakaaro te mahi te anti-Soviet ka pai ki te whakaputa i te reira. Na ka hoatu e Boris Leonidovich tona hanganga ki waho, i roto i Itari, te wahi i whakaputaina ai i roto i 1957. hoa Soviet meka o te whakaputanga o te pūrākau i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru ēnā whakataua, a ka peia Boris Leonidovich i te Writers 'Union. Otiia i hanga tenei pūrākau ia he taonga toa Nobel. Mai 1946, te kaituhi me te rohi pehe tohua mo tenei tohu, engari whakawhiwhia reira anake i roto i te tau 1958.

Ko te āpā o tenei tohu whaimana ki tenei, kia rite ki tokomaha, he mana pouri te hua o te kāinga anti-Soviet. Ka rite ki te hua, whakawehi BL ki pana i i akina atu te Soviet Union ki te whakaputa i roto i o te fariiraa i te Nobel. i muri anake 30 tau i Evgeny, te tama a te kaituhi nui, riro tona papa he mētara me te tītohu.

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich

Ko kahore iti whakaari, me te ngā i te whakarau o Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha. I whanau ia i roto i 1918 i roto i Kislovodsk, a tangohia ana kōhungahunga me tau wawe o te Laureate Nobel heke mai wahi i roto i Rostov-i runga i-Don me Novocherkassk. I puta ia i te Faculty o Physics me Pāngarau i Rostov University Aleksandr Isaevich ko te kaiako, me te i te wa ano, i roto i te absentia i kuraina i roto i Moscow, i te Literary Institute. I muri i te tīmatanga o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, haere te toa o te taonga rangimarie tino whaimana heke mai ki te mua.

Solzhenitsyn, tata i mua o te whawhai, i hopukina. Ko te take hoki tenei ko tona faaino o wāhitau Iosifa Stalina kitea i roto i nga pukapuka o te kaituhi o te aukatinga hōia. Anake i roto i te 1953, i muri i te matenga o Iosifa Vissarionovicha, i tukua e ia. Ko te moheni "Ao New" i roto i 1962 whakaputaina te pukapuka tuatahi i tenei kaituhi tika "Ivana Denisovicha tetahi ra", e te parau e pā ana ki te ora o te iwi i roto i te puni. makasini Literary te nuinga o te whai ake mahi o Solzhenitsyn tā kihai. Ko te take ki te karanga ratou takotoranga anti-Soviet. Otiia kihai i Aleksandr Isaevich hoatu ake. Ia, kia rite ki Pasternak tonoa ki waho ona tuhinga, te wahi kua whakaputaina e ratou. I roto i 1970, te Nobel i Literature i whakawhiwhia ki a ia. I te hui tohu i roto i Stockholm kaituhi kore ahau i haere, no te mea kihai i nga mana Soviet tukua ia ki te waiho i te whenua. I roto i te Soviet Union kihai i whakaaetia, me nga māngai o te Komiti Nobel, kei te haere ki te ringa te toa taonga i roto i tona whenua.

Ki te whakaaro ki o te kaituhi te whakarau, i roto i 1974 i peia ia i te whenua. I te tuatahi i noho ia i roto i Switzerland, ka oho ki te US wahi ko ia, ka hoatu rawa te mutunga Nobel. I roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, i whakaputaina ai e mohiotia ana mahi pera "tinomoutere he Kemi" "Ko nga ngā tuatahi," "Cancer Ward." Solzhenitsyn i roto i 1994 ka hoki ia ki a Russia.

Ko nga laureates Nobel Russia enei. Rārangi kīnaki i te ingoa tetahi, e kore e taea e nei kore ki te whakahua i.

Sholohov Mihail Aleksandrovich

Ka korero matou ki a koutou e pā ana ki tetahi o nga kaituhi nui Patriotic - Sholohove Mihaile Aleksandroviche. Ko rerekē atu i te hoariri o te tikanga Soviet (Pasternak me Solzhenitsyn) tona aitua, no te mea e tautoko ana te reira i te āhua. whanau Mikhail Alexandrovich (1905-1980) i roto i te Don. whakaahuatia e ia na Veshenskaia, tona whenua iti, i roto i nga mahi maha. oti Mikhail Sholokhov 4 anake kura. ka mau ia ki te wahi kaha i roto i te pakanga ā-iwi i arahina ki te tīpako tuwhene witi i rawa suborder mua. i kua i roto i tona tamarikitanga ua te kaituhi heke mai tona piiraa. I te tau 1922 ka haere mai ia ki a Moscow, a muri timata te marama torutoru ki te whakaputa i roto i makasini me niupepa ratou kōrero tuatahi. I te tau 1926, i reira nga kohikohinga o "steppe Azure" me "kōrero Don". I te tau 1925 ka timata ia te mahi i runga i te pūrākau "A Kati Kapewhiti te Don", whakatapua ki te ora o te Cossacks i te wā tino (Civil War, Revolution, World War ahau). I roto i te tau 1928 ka haere mai te reira ki te marama te wahi tuatahi o tenei mahi, a i roto i te 30raa i oti ai, ka waiho te runga Sholokhov auaha. I roto i te 1965, whakawhiwhia te kaituhi te Nobel i Literature.

laureates Russian Nobel i Economics

To tatou whenua i roto i tenei mara whakamatauria ki te kia kore pera nui rite i roto i te tuhinga, me te ahupūngao, te wahi i reira e he rota o laureates Russian. Paraihe i roto i te ohaoha i tonu tika anake tetahi o tatou compatriot. Korerotia mai ki a matou ake e pā ana ki reira.

Kantorovich Leonid Vitalevich

E faahoho'ahia e tetahi anake ingoa Russian laureates Nobel i te ohaoha. Kantorovich Leonid Vitalevich (1912-1986) he anake te ohanga o Russia ki kia whakawhiwhia tenei taonga. whanau ia pūtaiao i roto i te utuafare o te tākuta i St Petersburg. Ana mātua i roto i te whawhai ā, rere ki Peraruhia, i reira pau ia he tau. Vitaly Kantorowicz, mate papa o Kantorovich i 1922. I te tau 1926, ka tomo te pūtaiao heke mai te University Leningrad i faahitihia, te wahi ako ia, i roto i te tua ki te pūtaiao māori, hītori nāianei, ōhanga tōrangapū, pāngarau. Faculty o Pāngarau me ia puta i te 18 tau o te tau, i te tau 1930. I muri noho e Kantorovich i te whare wānanga rite te kaiako. I 22, riro Leonid V. he orometua, me te tau i muri mai - me te tākuta. I te 1938 ka whakaritea ia ki te wheketere taiwhanga mātanga kahupapa, te wahi tū te mahi o te hanga rerekē tikanga tohatoha rauemi ki te whakanui i te mahi i roto i mua o ia ia. Ko te kupu i hanga ki te tikanga whakarewanga o te hōtaka. I te tau 1960 oho te pūtaiao ki Novosibirsk, i reira i taua wa i hanga te pokapū rorohiko, te tino matatau i roto i te whenua. Here tonu ia ona akoranga. I roto i Novosibirsk noho pūtaiao tae noa ki 1971. I roto i tenei wā i whakawhiwhia e ia te Lenin paraihe. I te tau 1975 i whakawhiwhia ia, tahi ki a T. Koopmans Nobel, i riro ia mo ana takoha ki te ariā o te tohatoha rauemi.

Ko te matua laureates Nobel Russian enei. 2014 i tohua e te fariiraa i tenei paraihe Patrick Modiano (tuhinga), Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura (ahupūngao). riro Zhan Tirol te tohu i roto i te mara o te ohaoha. I roto ia ratou i reira e Russian laureates Nobel. 2013 hoki i kawea mai i tenei tohu whaimana mo to tatou compatriots. toa katoa he māngai o te tahi atu āhua.