Rorohiko Charles Babbage. Haurongo, whakaaro me hanga o Charles Babbage

Charlz Bebbidzh - English mathematician me te ihi, e hangaia te rorohiko mamati aunoa tuatahi. I tua atu, i awhina ia te hanga i te pūnaha poutāpeta English hou a ko te tuatahi tepu mea tätai pono, he ahua o te ōrite tere me te tereina puteochistitel whakaaro.

Haurongo o Charles Babbage

Fanauhia i roto i te London i runga i Hakihea 26, 1791 i roto i te hapu hoa o te pēke Praeds Pineamine Babbage, rangatira Bitton Estate i Teignmouth me momo Betsi Plamli. I roto i 1808 faaoti te utuafare ki te neke ki Old Road Whare, kei roto i Te Tai Rāwhiti Teignmouth, a ko tona papa te wātene o St. Michael te hahi tata.

ko Matua Charles he tangata taonga, kia taea e ia te ako i te torutoru kura whiriwhiri. I 8 tau i ia ki te haere ki te kura kainga ki te ora i te mate kino. faaoti ona matua e roro o te tamaiti, "e kore e whai ki te pumau rawa." E ai ki a Babbage, "tenei mangere nui kia kua arahina ki etahi o whakaaroaro ana a ana tamariki."

Na whakauru ia i roto i te kura a Kingi Edward VI i Totnes, Tonga Devon, he kura whānui momoho, e mahi ki tenei ra, engari te āhua o te hauora i te wa o te akina Charles ki te tahuri ki kaitohutohu tūmataiti. I te pae hopea ka ia ki te ākonga Academy 30 katia, arahina e te Reverend Stiven Friman. Ko te whare kua he whare pukapuka whānui, i whakamahia Babbage mō te pāngarau whaiaro ako-a ako ki te aroha i te reira. I muri ka mahue i te Academy, i ia rua tautäwhi whaiaro. Ko tētahi o ratou ko te faifekau o Cambridge, i runga i nei ra ko te whakaako o Charles e whai ake: ". Ahau wehi e kore ahau i ako nga painga katoa e taea te tiki ahau" Ko te atu ko he ahorangi i Oxford. Ua haapii e ia nga Talafungani o Charles Babbage, e ai kia manakohia ia ki a Cambridge.

Hono ako i te University

I roto i te Oketopa 1810 tae Babbage i Cambridge, a whakaurua i Trinity College. I ia te mātauranga pai - mohio Lagrange Leibniz, Lacroix, Simpson, a ka whakama tino hōtaka pāngarau e wātea ana. Na reira, ua faaoti ia ko Hoani Herschel, George Peacock, me ētahi atu hoa ki te hanga i te Analytical Society.

A, no te i roto i te 1812 whakawhitia Babbage ki a Pita Whare Cambridge, ko ia te mathematician pai; heoi kihai ia i i whiwhi ki te honore. tohu hōnore riro ia i muri, ara i waho haere whakamātautau i roto i te tau 1814.

I te tau 1814 ka moea e Charlz Bebbidzh Georgiana Whitmore. Tona papa, mo mea katoa take, e kore manaaki reira. noho te whānau i roto i te rangimarie i roto i London, i Devonshire Street, ora 5. anake e toru o ratou tamariki e waru ki te pakeke.

Matua Charles, mate fakamamahi tana wahine, me tetahi o ana tama i roto i 1827.

kaupapa rorohiko

I roto i nga ra o Charles Babbage i te tātai o tepu pāngarau maha hanga tatou i te hape, na faaoti ia ki te kitea te tikanga hou e pai rave i te reira mihini, te whakakore hapa tangata. whanau te whakaaro i roto ia ia e tona wawe rawa, i roto i te 1812.

awe āhuatanga rerekē e toru te whakaaetanga o te whakatau taua:

• kihai i rite ia whai me te hē;
• ko reira ngāwari tepu pākoki;
• i faauruhia tatou na roto i te ngā mahi i runga i te tātai mihini W. Schickard, B. Pascal ko Leibniz.

te mau parau tumu Basic o te pūrere tātaitanga, kōrero ia i roto i te pukapuka ki a Tā H. Davy i te timatanga o 1822.

pūkaha rerekētanga

aroaro Babbage aha huaina e ia he "pūkaha rerekētanga", te Royal Arorangi Society Pipiri 14, 1822 i roto i te pepa tika "Notes i runga i te whakamahi o te tätaitanga mīhini o tepu arorangi me te pāngarau." i taea e ia te tātai pūrau te whakamahi i te tikanga tau i huaina te rerekētanga.

whakaaetia Society te whakaaro, a i roto i 1823 homai te kāwanatanga ia £ 1,500 i te whare ia. hanga Babbage i tetahi o nga ruma o tona awheawhe kāinga, ka utua e Dzhozefa Klementa ki tokanga'i te hanga o te pūrere. i ia wahi ki te kia mahi ā ki te awhina o taputapu motuhake, he tokomaha o nei kua whakawhanakehia e ia. hanga Charles he rota o ngā haerenga ki hinonga ahumahi ki te mahino pai te tukanga whakaputa. I runga i enei haerenga me tona wheako whaiaro i roto i te hanga mihini i roto i te 1832 whakaputaina Babbage te pepa "I te ōhanga o te mīhini me te hanga." Ko te whakaputanga tuatahi o te mea te tenei ra i huaina "whakahaere pūtaiao o te hanga."

ati Whaiaro me te haerenga ki Ūropi

mate wahine Georgiana a, haukotia te papa o Charles Babbage me tana tama taitamariki hanga i roto i te 1827. kaha taimaha ia Jobs, a ko ia i runga i te mimiha o tiango. Dzhon Gershel me rave rahi atu hoa whakaatu i Babbage hanga he haerenga ki Europa ki te rohirohi. haere ia i roto i te Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy, te toro whare wänanga, me te ahumahi.

I roto i Italy, ako ia i whakaritea e ia Lucasian Ahorangi o Pāngarau i University Cambridge. I te tīmatanga, hiahia ia ki te hoatu ki runga, engari i whakakikitia e hoa ia te kore. I tona hokinga mai ki Ingarangi i roto i 1828 ka whakatutehu ia ki Dorset Street, 1.

anō

I roto i te ngaro o te kaupapa Engine Difference o Babbage kua tae mai i raro i te ahi. Hau i maumauria e ia te moni kāwanatanga e kore e te mīhini mahi me e pai ai kia reira kahore pānga mahi ki te i hanga ai. Kua awhina nuitia Dzhon Gershel me te Royal Society te kaupapa. tonu te kāwanatanga tona tautoko mā te hoatu £ 1,500 April 29, 1829, £ 3,000 i runga i Hakihea 3, me te taua February 24, 1830. i haere tonu te mahi, engari Babbage tonu i te raruraru whiwhi moni i te takotoranga moni.

Whakarerenga o te kaupapa

Orua raruraru pūtea o Charles Babbage ki te whakahōhā o tautohetohenga me Keremeneta. Babbage mo ratou whare hanga he rua-papa, awheawhe 15-mita-roa. i ia he tuanui karaihe mo te rama, me te fireproof ruma ma mo te rokiroki o te mīhini. kihai Clement ki te neke ki te toa hou, ka ui te moni ki te haere a tawhio noa te pa, ki te tokanga'i te mahi. I roto i te whakautu karangatia Babbage ia ki te farii i tika utu i te Treasury. kihai Keremeneta ano, me mutu te mahi i runga i te kaupapa.

Ano, kihai ia ki te ringa i runga i tuhinga me ngā taputapu i whakamahia ki te hanga i te Engine Difference. I muri haumi £ 23,000, tae atu £ 6,000 o te tika Babbage, mutu mahi i runga i te pūrere oti i roto i 1834. I te 1842, mana whakarerea te kāwanatanga te kaupapa.

Charlz Bebbidzh me te Engine Analytical

Mamao noa mai i te ihi o te Engine Difference tīmata ahau whakaaro e pā ana ki pai ake tona ahua. I waenganui i 1833 me 1842, i tamata Charles ki te hanga i te pūrere e taea te programmed ki te whakaputa i tetahi tātai, e pā ana kore anake ki whārite pūrau. ka haere mai te pakaruhanga tuatahi ka tukuna e ia te putanga o te taputapu i tona wāhi mō atu rongoā o whārite. whakaahuatia e ia te reira rite te mīhini e "kai ona ake hiku." kihai i tangohia e ia te roa ki te tautuhi i te āhuatanga matua o te pūkaha tātari.

Charles Babbage rorohiko ki te tomo raraunga me ngā tohutohu e pā ana ki te tātai tika whakamahia kāri tokua, tono i te Jacquard whenu ano. ngā te taputapu o rua nga wahi: ko te mira, me te rokiroki. Mill, e hāngai ana ki te pūtukatuka o te rorohiko hou, te mahi ngā mahi i runga i te raraunga whiwhi i te pātaka, e taea te whakaaro rite mahara. Ko te rorohiko-whakaaro whānui tuatahi o te ao.

I hangaia Rorohiko Charles Babbage i 1835. Ko pono whakaponohia te tauine o te mahi. Kua hanga Babbage me te maha o ngā kaiāwhina 500 tuhinga hoahoa nui, 1,000 pepa o tohu pūkaha me ngā whakamārama o 7,000 pepa. Kua oti te mira ko 4.6 m tiketike, me te 1.8 m te whānui. atu Storage 100 mati ki 7.6 m. hanga hoki ratou mīhini hou Babbage he mongamonga iti whakamātautau. Fully kore i oti mīhini. I roto i te 1842, i muri toutou whakamātau kāore ki te whiwhi pūtea kāwanatanga, ka tahuri ia ki a Tā Robert Peel. kihai ia a hei utu tapaea ia he ope. kihai Babbage. tonu ia ki te whakarerekē me te whakapai ake i te hoahoa mō tau maha ki te haere mai.

Tuhinga o Lovelace

I roto i te Oketopa 1842 Federiko Luidzhi, whānui Italian me mathematician, whakaputaina ana e ia he tuhinga e pā ana ki te Analytical Engine. Augusta Ada kingi, Countess o Lovelace, he hoa fuoloa o Babbage, whakamaoritia te mahi ki te reo Ingarihi. karangatia Charles ia ki te whakarato i te tuhipoka translation. I waenganui i 1842 me 1843 tokorua tuhipoka tahi tuhituhia 7, te roa tapeke o te mea e toru ngā wā i te rahi tūturu o te tuhinga. I roto i tetahi o ratou kua rite reinga te tepu o te hōtaka, i hanga nei e Babbage ki te tātai tau Bernoulli. I roto i tetahi, tuhituhi ia e pā ana ki te mīhini taurangi whānui e taea te mahi ngā mahi ki ngā tohu me te te tau. ko Lovelace pea te tuatahi ki te ite i te whāinga noa o ngā pūrere a Babbage, a ka whakaaro etahi ki reira hei rorohiko tuatahi o te ao. timata ia te mahi i runga i te pukapuka, whakaahua te pūkaha tātari i roto i te taipitopito ake, engari e kore e whai wa ki te whakaoti i te reira.

merekara engineering

I roto i te wā i waenganui i Oketopa 1846 ki Maehe 1849 o Babbage tīmata hoahoa he rerekētanga tuarua o te mīhini, mā te whakamahi i te matauranga riro ki te hanga i to ratou tātaritanga. I whakamahia te reira i 8000 anake mongamonga, e toru nga wa iti iho i te i roto i te tuatahi. Ko te semeio o te engineering.

I roto i te rerekē ki te tātari, e te tamau takawiria ia, ka whakarerekētia, tuarua te Engine Difference i muri i te otinga o te wāhanga whanaketanga tuatahi taui. I roto i te heke mai, i hanga te ma'imi kahore ngana ki te hanga i te pūrere.

24 o te tātuhi noho i roto i te pūranga o te Museum o Pūtaiao, whakatinana noa Charles Babbage whakaaro i roto i 1985-1991, te hanga o te tauira-rahi tonu i runga i te take o te 200raa o tona whanautanga. hanga pūrere āhuatanga 3.4 m i roa, 2.1 m i roto i te tiketike, me te 46 cm i roto i te hohonu, me tona taimaha - 2.6 taranata. i whāiti rohe tika ki ngā uara e taea te tutuki i te wa.

whakatutukitanga

I roto i te 1824, riro Babbage te Gold Medal o te Royal Arorangi Society "mo tona tenenga o te mīhini mō te tātai tepu pāngarau, me te arorangi".

Mai i 1828 ki te 1839 ko Babbage Lucasian Ahorangi o Pāngarau i Kemureti. Kua oti te tuhituhi e ia mo te maha o nga hautaka pūtaiao, a ko mauhaa i roto i te hanga o te Arorangi Society i 1820 me te Statistical Society i 1834.

I roto i te 1837, te urupare ki te 8 e pā ana Bridgewater pukapuka "I te mana, te whakaaro nui, me te pai o te Atua kia rite ki whakakitea i roto i te Creation", whakaputaina e ia te iwa o Bridgewater pukapuka maka ana atu te whakaaro e, a matou te mana hope, me te wawe, hanga e te Atua te iriti ture no te ra'i, te whakaputa ture ( ranei ki te hōtaka) e ka i te momo wa e tika ana hanga, reira te whakakore i te hiahia mahi merekara wa katoa e hiahiatia ana ki te waihanga momo hou. Kei roto i te pukapuka tuhaa i reta o te kaituhi ki John Herschel i runga i te tumu parau.

tutuki ano Charlz Bebbidzh hua nui i roto i te tuhiwhakamuna. wahia e ia te mīhini KarereHuna: rite te pai kia rite ki te KarereHuna nui ngoikore e te mohiotia inaianei rite te KarereHuna Vigenère. Opening Babbage reira i whakamahia e te hōia Ingarangi, ka i whakaputaina tau i te torutoru noa. Ka rite ki te hua, te tika ki te tuatahi haere ki Frederick Kasiski, e haere mai ki te mea taua he tau torutoru i muri mai.

I roto i te 1838 whakaaro Babbage puteochistitel, anga whakarewa piri e te ki te mua o te locomotive, te whakawātea mau fifi i te ara. tū hoki ia he maha o rangahau te nui Western Railway Isambard Brunel Kingdoma.

Ia kotahi anake tamata ki te tomo tōrangapū ka i roto i 1832 ka mau ia wahi i roto i te pōtitanga i te pa o Finsbury. I muri i te pōti, ka mau Babbage te wahi whakamutunga.

Mathematician me ma'imi, mate Oketopa 18, 1871 i te tau o 79 tau.

E wātea ana ki te haere ki te Whare Taonga Pūtaiao i roto i Ranana Parts o nga whakaritenga oti o rorohiko i hanga e ia. I te 1991 i hanga ai Difference Engine runga i te pūtake o ona mahere taketake, a ngāue tino.