Kātua pukuaroha: hanganga me te mahi

kātua io kaungāongo'i ko tetahi o nga wae o te pūnaha io wahi piringa pukuaroha.

hanganga

I roto i runga ki te hanganga o te kātua pukuaroha (Truncus sympathicus), a ka he reira he kōpuku rua e kua hono ki tetahi ki tetahi i muka pukuaroha. Kei raraunga Mātauranga i runga i tetahi taha o te tīwae filosilivá i roto i tona roa katoa.

Tetahi o te kōpuku kātua pukuaroha - tenei hui neurons autonomic te raveraa i whakawhiti muka preganglionic (wahi nui ona) e puea i te ua, hanga i te peka honotanga ma.

E whakapā ana te muka whakaahuatia ana i runga ki te pūtau kōwae hāngai e rānei tito o manga ā-kōpuku i roto i te kōpuku kātua i raro- ranei vysheraspolagayuschiysya pukuaroha.

Whakaritea honotanga manga ma i roto i te lumbar o runga, me te rei. Te sacral, lumbar raro me kōpuku whare tangata o tenei momo he kahore manga.

Haunga manga ma, taratahi rite peka honotanga hina, e ngā nuinga o te muka postganglionic pukuaroha me raru filosilivá e pā ana ki te hahi oko. Taua manga haere ki ia o nga raru filosilivá, haere i ia o nga kōpuku kātua pukuaroha. Hei wāhanga o te raru haere ratou ki nga whekau innervated (repe, maheni me uaua striated).

Hei wāhanga o te kātua pukuaroha (anatomy) e iri e te tari e whai ake nei:

1. Sacral.
2. Lumbar.
3. Aaka.
4. Neck.

mahi

E ai ki nga wehenga o te kātua pukuaroha me tona ganglia karere wāhanga, me i reira e maha ngā āhuatanga o te mātauranga kikokiko:

1. Innervation o te matenga, me te kaki, me te mana o te whakaiti o oko, ratou kai.
2. Innervation o te kōhao rei (manga kātua kaungāongo'i i te kōpuku ngā i roto i te hanganga o te raru i roto i te kiripūkahu, HWM, pericardium me te ate nape).
3. Innervation o taiepa iaia (arā, o plexuses karere) kakī noa, thyroid me subclavian pera me haoraora.
4. Tūhono ki karere ganglion io plexus.
5. Whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te celiac, te pūtahi o, plexus mesenteric tākihi me te pai.
6. Innervation o nga whekau papatoiake tika ki te takanga o manga o te ganglia Crusades o te kātua pukuaroha i roto i te plexus hypogastric raro.

Ko te wehenga kātua pukuaroha waha

Hei wāhanga o te tuaiwi te waha, i reira e toru wae: te raro, waenganui, me te runga. Ētahi atu whakaaro atu ia o ratou.

te kōpuku runga

fusiform Mātauranga āhuatanga 20 * 5 mm. Kei te takoto te reira i 2-3 pekehoe waha (ratou otrostah ripeka) i raro i fascia prespinal.

te mawehe reira i te manga matua e whitu kōpuku e he muka postganglionic e innervate nga whekau o te matenga, me te kaki:

• Hono manga hina ki te 1, 2, 3 waha raru tuaiwi.
• N. jugularis (karere jugular) Kei te wehea ki te maha manga, e rua o nei e piri ki te glossopharyngeal me raru vagus, a kotahi - ki te io hypoglossal.
• N. caroticus internus (karere i roto hiamoe) tomo ki te anga waho o te iatuku kakī ā o te taua ingoa, me te reira hanga plexus, haere i nei i roto i te rohe o te urunga ki te iatuku o te taua ingoa i roto i te awa wheua pae tino muka pukuaroha e hanga te karere kamaka hohonu o te awa pterygoid whakawhānui i poro wheua. I muri te putanga atu i te hongere muka Karo pterygopalatine fossa me uru atu nga raru parasympathetic postganglionic i kōpuku pterygopalatine, me te te karere maxillary, a ka tono tangata ki te mana i roto i te rohe o te mata. I roto i te hongere hiamoe i e wehea somnolence manga plexus roto, e ô i plexus me te hanga i te tympanum. Roto te angaanga hiamoe (roto) haere ki te plexus cavernous, a kua wehea ona muka i runga i nga oko roro, hanga plexus ophthalmic waenganui kaka, me te Anterior pera kaka. I tua atu, ka tukua plexus cavernous he manga ki te kia hono ki te muka parasympathetic ciliary parasympathetic kōpuku me uaua innervate dilating te tauira.
• N. externus caroticus (te karere hiamoe waho). ngā ia te plexus waho tata te iatuku homonymous me ona manga, e tuku toto ki nga whekau o te kaki, mata, me Rura.
• oko peka Pharyngeal-laryngeal tahi taiepa pharyngeal me puka pharyngeal plexus.
• haere karere cardiac tata te wahi o runga o te kātua pukuaroha waha. Te mata pouaka kōhao mahia plexus cardiac, kei nei i raro i te kikorangi te pūtahi o.
• Ko te manga e he wahi o te karere phrenic. Ratou katinga whakaritea i roto i te capsule me tuhonohono o te ate, pericardial, peritoneum kōpako diaphragmatic, kiripūkahu me HWM.

wae toharite

rahi Mātauranga 2 * 2 mm, kei runga i te taumata 4 o te pekehoe waha, i roto i te wahi i reira whakawhiti te kakī noa me te uaua thyroid iho. Tenei kōpuku homai ara ki ngā momo e whā o manga:

1. Hono manga hina e haere ki te 5, 6 raru tuaiwi.
2. karere ngakau toharite, kei nei i ki te muri o te uaua kakī noa. I roto i te kōhao o te karere pouaka he wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te plexus cardiac (hohonu), kei nei i waenganui i te pukorokoro me te kikorangi te pūtahi o.
3. Ko te manga e whai wāhi i roto i te faanahonahoraa o te plexus subclavian karere, kakī noa me te raro pera thyroid.
4. peka Mezhduuzlovaya hono e te ki te ope pukuaroha waha o runga.

wae raro

Kei Mātauranga kei muri i te iatuku vertebral me te subclavian runga ake. I roto i te wā onge, ngā ki te kōpuku tuatahi me te pukuaroha ka huaina stellate (cervico-rei) kōpuku rei. whakaminenga raro homai ara ki te peka e ono:

1. peka Grey honotanga whakawhānui ki te 7, 8 raru ko tuaiwi waha.
2. Ko te manga e haere ki nga vertebralis plexus, whakawhānui i roto i te angaanga, me nga plexus hanga posterior iatuku kaka, me te plexus basilar.
3. Raru o te ngakau o raro, takoto ana te maui muri te haoraora me te tika - mo te iatuku brachiocephalic me te whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te plexus hohonu ngakau.
4. Peka o taua wahi o te karere phrenic, engari e kore e hanga i plexuses me whakamutu i te HWM, kiripūkahu me pericardium.
5. Ko te manga, e hanga i te kakī uaua plexus noa.
6. Manga ki te iatuku subclavian.

ãpoko

Ko te hanganga o te kātua pukuaroha rei ngā o ganglia thoracica (kōpuku mammary) - karere Mātauranga te āhua tapatoru, e takoto i runga i te kaki costal i nga taha o te pekehoe rei, he fascia hilar me te kiripūkahu kōpako.

Mai i te ganglia rei haere 6 nui ngā rōpū o manga:

1. peka tūhono White, i branched i te raru intercostal (ratou pakiaka mārōrō) me te ô i te waitinana.
2. mai manga honotanga hina i te ganglia me e tonoa ki te raru intercostal.
3. Ko te manga o te mediastinum. Mai i 5 pukuaroha Ganga runga, me te whakamatautau i roto i te wahi posterior mediastinum, tahi ki ētahi atu weu hanga i te arahau me plexus esophageal.
4. raru rei cardiac. Mai i 4-5 ganglia kaungāongo'i runga, whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te plexus ngakau te pūtahi o, me te hohonu.
5. karere Splanchnic nui. manga huihui 5-9 rei knots pukuaroha ka hipoki fascia intrathoracic. Na roto i te tatau i waenganui i te karere takawaenga me medial o te HWM waewae toro ki te kōhao puku, me te mutu i roto i te ganglia celiac plexus. Ko te hanganga o tenei ngā te tokomaha nui o karere muka preganglionic (e kua whakawhiti ki te plexus celiac ganglia i runga i muka postganglionic) me postganglionic e kua kē mai kua ki te taumata ganglia rei o te kātua pukuaroha.
6. Karere vnutrinostny iti. Kei te hanga e te reira e kōpuku peka 10-12. Na roto i te HWM taka reira n paku lateral. splanchnicus nui me te wahi ano o te plexus celiac. E whakawhiti wāhanga o te muka preganglionic o tenei karere i roto i te ganglia pukuaroha postganglionarnae, a kia waiho etahi ki whēkau.

lumbar

Lumbar ganglia kaungāongo'i kātua - e kore e atu, rite he hokohoko atu o te mekameka o te ganglia rei. Lumbar ngā 4 kōpuku e kua kei i runga i ngā taha e rua o te tuarā i te mata i roto o te uaua lumbar nui. I te kōpuku taha matau feruri waho i te iahoki vena cava iho, me te maui - waho i te haoraora.

Peka o te kātua pukuaroha lumbar he:

1. manga White honotanga whakawhānui i 1 me 2 raru lumbar filosilivá me e tika ana ki te 1 me te 2 ganglia.
2. peka hina honotanga. Whakakotahitia te ganglia lumbar o ka raru ko lumbar tuaiwi katoa.
3. manga lumbar splanchnic e whakawhānui i ganglia katoa, me te tomo i te hypogastric runga, celiac, te pūtahi o puku, tākihi me te teitei plexus mesenteric.

wāhanga sacral

Ko te wahi lowermost (aua mahere whenua kātua kaungāongo'i) he wāhanga sacral e ngā kotahi whakaminenga coccygeal unpaired me wha o ganglia sacral takirua. Kōpuku kei paku medial ki te rua sacral mārōrō,.

He maha ngā peka o te wahi sacral o te kātua pukuaroha:

1. Kerei honotanga manga, me te herea ki te raru tuaiwi sacral.
2. raru ko Splanchnic e he wahi o te plexuses autonomic i roto i te papatoiake. muka io visceral i te raraunga hanga te plexus hypogastric raro, e takoto ki runga ki te peka o te iatuku iliac ā-roto e ô te raru pukuaroha i roto i nga whekau papatoiake.