Ko te pāmahana rewa o te koura. rewa me te koropupu pāmahana o te whakarewa

Ko te reira i te āhuatanga ōkiko o ngā konganuku mo te wahi tino whakaritea e te mara o ratou tono i roto i te tangata i roto i te toi me te ahumahi. I roto i te āhuatanga matua o nui faufaa ko to ratou pāmahana rewa. Knowledge o tenei tawhā taea ki a koe ngā angitu kai rerekē, me te hanga i whakamarie, roa, me te-kounga teitei alloys, rawa oreore mo te whakamahi i roto i te kāinga.

rewa me te koropupu pāmahana o te whakarewa

Hoki ia māngai o te tohu i homai. Heoi, ko te rohe o te whakawera kei i konganuku katoa. I te tetahi pāmahana, timata ratou ki te ngohe, haere i te totoka ki te āhua wai. Ki te ki te ahua kawea te uara tino, na ka haere te whakarewa ki te āhua haurehu waihā, tīmata i.e. tukanga e koropupu me vaporization.

Na reira, i reira he he whakarōpū katoa e whakaata ana i te kaha ki te rewa konganuku. Kua wehewehea katoa o ratou ki te rōpū e whai ake nei.

1. Fusible. Kei roto i tēnei rōpū te hunga e ngohe i reiti i raro ^{e pā ana ki} 600 C. Tauira: konutea, konutai, gallium, bismuth, he tine, caesium, me ētahi atu.

2. meltability Waenga. Tohu i roto i 600-1600 ^C. Hei tauira, koura ira whakakoero i roto i te puka parakore - 1063 ^C, i konei, pā reira ki tenei rōpū o konganuku.
3. Whakangutungutu. Neke atu i te 1600 ^C. tauira: Titanium, Tungsten, chromium me etahi atu.

Me kï reira e he tika tenei whakarōpū anake hoki konganuku parakore. A, no te haere mai te reira ki alloys, te tau huri tino, a kia rerekē te uara i te tauanga.

Kohua wāhi e tino teitei ake i te tawhā whakaaro konganuku. Na, ki te mea te ira whakakoero o te koura - 1063 ^{° C,} te wāhi e koropupu - kua 2947 ° ^C. Ko te rerekētanga ko te tata rua!

Gold: he tirohanga whānui

Gold, ranei te koura - he he tau huānga matū 79 i roto i te ripanga pūmotu. Ko te taimaha Atomic 196,967 wae. Kei roto i te rōpū e ahau, rōpū whakawhitinga. E pā ana te reira ki te konganuku utu nui, i roto i te tua ki:

• konukawata;
• hiriwa;
• palladium.

Mai i te mea tata e mangere te hi'oraa o te tauhohenga, e kore e kore tikanga motuhake i roto i te tauhohe tomo. He āhuatanga tinana motuhake e tukua tona whakamahi i roto i te whakapaipai, hangarau me te ahumahi.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko o te koura

He aha te mea na ahurei i roto i tenei whakarewa, i i hoki rau tau maha whai iwi me te hunga riro te tohu o pūtea pai-he i roto i te ao nei?

1. Tae. Hoki te koura parakore āhuatanga e te tae kōwhai hohonu ataahua ki te takatu ai konganuku korerotia. Te whakarewa wai he tae matomato koma. Couples tona tae kōwhai-matomato.
2. Pakeke. Mā te tenei Gold tawhā iho ki te maha atu i te mau melo no te mea te mea he whakarewa ngohengohe. I runga i te tauine o matū pakeke (Mohs tauine) wāhanga kaha ko te 2.5-3.
3. Ko te pāmahana rewa o te koura - 1063 ^C.
4. He pai te kawe ia hiko, 75% ki te whakapai kanohi ki te parahi rite te pūkawekawe.
5. He pai ano hoki te kawe ia, me te wera kaha ngāwhā. wera Tefito o te koura ki runga tonu, me te hohoro hana.

Ko te āhuatanga motuhake e hoatu teitei uara koura, whakaaro wehe. Ko ratou:

• te kōngohe;
• plasticity;
• kiato.

kiato whakarewa

āhuatanga kiato Sheer tikanga taimaha o te taonga ia rōrahi wae. Na kua tata te ahua teitei mo te tawhā homai koura. Ko te kupu, hei tauira, ka whai te hawhe karaihe o onepu koura parakore te taimaha o e pā ana ki 1000 karamu.

Gold Kiato, pure i poke, ko te 19.3 g / cm ^3. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te toka tūturu o te koura, na he ahua reira tere raro - 18-18,2 g / cm ^3. taea watea tenei tohu ki te tango i te konganuku i toka. Ia ano hanga koura kia utu mo te nui iti rawa o karamu.

Kōpoke me te kōngohe

Ko te ira whakakoero o te koura, me te tona kōpoke tino me te kōngohe kia watea taua mea, me te arahina i roto i te ringa o te iwi i ite. Na, i runga i rongo i te ariā o "rau koura". He aha te mea te reira? whakataka atu te reira i roto i pai rawa te pepa āhua-mārama o mongamonga koura, e kore nei e mate ano ia tona whiti kanapa, me te ataahua. Ka taea te pani mata rau Gold hua, nga taiepa o nga hahi kikorangi , a pera atu.

Ka taea te hanga te katoa o te 1 go o tenei whakarewa mīharo waea rawa kikokore, te roa o e ka tata 3000 mita! Ko te haria ki deformations e whai ake nei, kahore mate o ngā āhuatanga, me te tapatahi o te hanganga Gold:

• kōpeketanga;
• hinga;
• curvature;
• huri;
• okeoke;
• totoro;
• hono'oatu tetahi āhua e hiahiatia ana.

Noatia, he huinga taua o ngā āhuatanga ōkiko e kore e taea e noho hia e te iwi, me te, reira, whakamahia te koura i roto i mara ngā o te pūtaiao, te hangarau me te ahumahi.

Te riroraa i roto i te āhua me te whakamahi tangata

puta i roto i tona ahua taketake te koura i roto i te natura i roto i te puka o ingots, onepu inclusions ranei i roto i te kamaka. koura parawai - he wahi o to ratou taonga tangata. I roto i te ranunga o te onepu, kua nekehia te uku me te tahi atu wahi, a ka wehea i roto i te puka parakore.

Hoki, i roto te koura i roto i:

• tipu;
• kararehe;
• te tinana tangata;
• wai whenua;
• nga moana, me ngā moana;
• lithosphere.

O enei wahi katoa, ako iwi ki te tango konganuku mō te whakamahi i roto i to ratou mau hinaaro. He aha e hiahia ana koe i te reira?

1. Ko te peka matua - ko, o te akoranga, whakapaipai. whakapaipai Ataahua hanga i alloys rerekē o koura ko te āhuatanga matua o te taonga pūtea o tata katoa wahine. E hoatu ratou ki te hunga aroha, haumi ratou, e whakamoemititia e ratou, ka utu.
2. Pūrere. Ko te pāmahana rewa o te koura, me te konukawata, me palladium, konukōreko, me etahi atu konganuku hanga ratou rawa nui mo te whakamahi i roto i tono hangarau. He taonga koura i te nui rawa o te kōngohe, me plasticity, i honoa e ki te inertness matū o te waea ka taea te whakamahi o tenei whakarewa i roto i te kōrero iti rawa, tītipi. Hei tauira, waea, televisions, tātaitai me ētahi atu pūrere hiko.
3. Gold - moni pakeke huri noa i te ao, e kore e nei te wāriu o ake. kihai i ia wehi o te pikinga me taunoa, na he tokomaha pupuri ratou penapena kei roto i ingots o whakarewa.
4. E mahi ana Awards mō whakatutukitanga i roto i te rerekē hākinakina, whakataetae, me ngā kēmu i roto i te koura, te hiriwa me te parahi, e whakanui ana kotahi ano to ratou uara teitei.

alloys koura

Enei āhuatanga o te whakarewa i roto i tona puka parakore hanga reira e kore anake ahurei, me te rongonui, engari ano hoki pā te kounga o ngā hua. Ko te kupu, e tika ana ki te mārū tiketike o te whakapaipai koura parakore he ngāwari ki te deform, pakaru, me te pahua. Na reira, tino maha whakamahia te alloys whakarewa tahi atu mau melo o te pūnaha wā.

1. 585 koura. Tenei koranu Ko te hoko pai me te nuinga noa i roto i to tatou whenua, me te ki waho. O te aha te mea te reira? 58,5% - koura parakore, 34% he parahi, 7.5% - hiriwa. Ko te ira whakakoero o koura 585 - e pā ana ki 840 ^{° C,} i te mea tino i raro i taua o te tauira parakore. Heoi, i roto i te whānui o nga āhuatanga koranu e pai nui, pera poke paremata huakore whakarewa ohie. kaimahi konukura ki te whakarei ake i te kaha me te pakeke o te hua. Heoi, ki te he te reira rawa nui, na ka amohia e te hua waikura tere. pānga hiriwa i runga i te tae. Ngā mihi ki a reira koranu atu kōwhai, whakamarumaru matomato ngingila kahore poke. Ko te take i te ira whakakoero koura 585 Ko na iti whakaritea ki te kōwhiringa kupenga, ta e kia tino tupato, me te tupato whakapā ki te hua, me kore ki te waiho i te takiwā o te mura tuwhera.
2. Gold 999. tenei koranu - e hāngai ana i runga i whakarewa tino parakore ki te wähanga iti o te parahi. No te mea o tenei, koura ira whakakoero 999 piki i roto i te rite ki te tohu o mua. Ko 1063 ^{° C,} e ko, te uara taua rite mo te taonga ohie. Products hanga o tenei koranu ngawari, e taea o deformation, reira, e rapu whāwhā tupato, me te tiaki motuhake.

koura 375

He toharite te pāmahana rewa o koura 585. Oia mau, i reira te mea he koranu, ai pūkete te whakarewa pai mō te 37.5 anake% (375 tauira). he kē taua o te taupū rewanga te tikanga tata 770 ^{° C,} i te mea te uara mōkito.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te koranu turanga o te koura, me te hiriwa, kahore e enei kōwhiringa whakamahia. ka kia ngohengohe rawa te hua. Na reira, he hakari he tika parahi. Ko te ira whakakoero o hiriwa me te koura, ko te āhua te taua, he titaritari iti. Ko te whakarewa ma ko reira 961,8 ° ^C. reira, e kore e ratou paheko rawa Whakahekea koranu whānui i roto i te hua.

He aha whakatau te tae o te whakapaipai i hanga o te koura?

He aha te tae maka te whakapaipai i runga i te marama, tei runga i te aha te huru o te tāpiri i roto i te ranunga, a he aha te ōrau o ratou. ka whai kauruku whero te hua i roto i nei te koura-hiriwa 50/50 me te parahi.

White - ki te tomo koutou he ranunga o te palladium, konukōreko, hiriwa me te ake. Green - hiriwa me te parahi, māwhero - hiriwa, palladium me te parahi.